ihtiyareddin Muhammed Bahtiyar Halaci Bengali ইখত য রউদ দ ন ম হ ম ম দ বখত য র খ�

İhtiyareddin Muhammed Bahtiyar Halaci, (Bengali: ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন মুহাম্মাদ বখতিয়ার খলজী),Gurlu hükümdarı Muhammed’in Türk-Afgan kökenli askeri generaliydi. Hindistan’ınBengal ve Bihar bölgelerindeki Müslüman fetihlerine liderlik etti ve kendisini bu bölgelerin hükümdarı ilan etti. 1203'ten 1227'ye kadar kısa bir süre Bengal'i yöneten Bengal Halaci hanedanının kurucusuydu.

Bahtiyar, 1206'da başarısız bir Tibet seferi başlattı ve Bengal'e döndükten sonra Ali Mardan ve Mirza Haider Goni Fahad tarafından öldürüldü. Yerine Muhammed Şiran Halaci geçti.

Kaynakça

^ "Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khiljī | Muslim general". Encyclopedia Britannica. 16 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 9 Eylül 2018.
^ Faruqui, Munis D. (2005). "Review of The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576)". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 36 (1): 246-248. doi:10.2307/20477310. ISSN 0361-0160. Hussain argues ... was actually named Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji and not the broadly used Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji
^ Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2003). The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576). New Delhi: Manohar. s. 27. ISBN .
^ Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections (İngilizce). BRILL. 17 Ağustos 2020. s. 237. ISBN . 22 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 16 Aralık 2023.
^ Know Your State West Bengal. Arihant Experts. 2019. s. 15. Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.
^ Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526). s. 226. Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions. That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part - Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal.
^ Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. ss. 1-2. OCLC 1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.
^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1986) [First published 1979]. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. 2nd. I. Sterling Publishers. ss. 81-82. ISBN . OCLC 883279992. The Turkish arms penetrated into Bihar and Bengal through the enterprising efforts of Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji ... he started plundering raids into Bihar and, within four or five years, occupied a large part of it ... Nadia was sacked by the Turks and a few districts of Bengal (Malda, Dinajpur, Murshidabad and Birbhum) were occupied by them ... Bathtiyar Khalji could not retain his hold over Nadia and made Lakhnauti or Gaur as his capital.
^ Thakur, Amrendra Kumar (1992). India and the Afghans: A study of a neglected region, 1370–1576 A.D. Janaki Prakashan. s. 148. ISBN .
^ Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH. s. 59. ISBN .
^ Nitish K. Sengupta (1 Ocak 2011). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib. Penguin Books India. ss. 63-64. ISBN .
^ William John Gill; Henry Yule (2010). The River of Golden Sand: The Narrative of a Journey Through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah. Cambridge University Press. s. 43. ISBN . 22 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 16 Aralık 2023.

Kaynaklar

K. A. Nizami (1970). "FOUNDATION OF THE DELHI SULTANAT". Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (Ed.). A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526). Second. 5. The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. OCLC 31870180. r |ad1= eksik |soyadı1= (); r eksik |soyadı2= ()

[1] "Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khiljī | Muslim general". Encyclopedia Britannica. 16 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 9 Eylül 2018.

[2] Faruqui, Munis D. (2005). "Review of The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576)". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 36 (1): 246-248. doi:10.2307/20477310. ISSN 0361-0160. Hussain argues ... was actually named Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji and not the broadly used Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji

[3] Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2003). The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576). New Delhi: Manohar. s. 27. ISBN .

[4] Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections (İngilizce). BRILL. 17 Ağustos 2020. s. 237. ISBN . 22 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 16 Aralık 2023.

[5] Know Your State West Bengal. Arihant Experts. 2019. s. 15. Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.

[6] Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526). s. 226. Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions. That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part - Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal.

[7] Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. ss. 1-2. OCLC 1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.

[8] Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1986) [First published 1979]. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. 2nd. I. Sterling Publishers. ss. 81-82. ISBN . OCLC 883279992. The Turkish arms penetrated into Bihar and Bengal through the enterprising efforts of Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji ... he started plundering raids into Bihar and, within four or five years, occupied a large part of it ... Nadia was sacked by the Turks and a few districts of Bengal (Malda, Dinajpur, Murshidabad and Birbhum) were occupied by them ... Bathtiyar Khalji could not retain his hold over Nadia and made Lakhnauti or Gaur as his capital.

[9] Thakur, Amrendra Kumar (1992). India and the Afghans: A study of a neglected region, 1370–1576 A.D. Janaki Prakashan. s. 148. ISBN .

[10] Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH. s. 59. ISBN .

[Sengupta2011-11] Nitish K. Sengupta (1 Ocak 2011). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib. Penguin Books India. ss. 63-64. ISBN .

[GillYule2010-12] William John Gill; Henry Yule (2010). The River of Golden Sand: The Narrative of a Journey Through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah. Cambridge University Press. s. 43. ISBN . 22 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 16 Aralık 2023.