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Kraepelinian ikilemi, majör endojen psikozların, 1908'de Eugen Bleuler tarafından şizofreni olarak yeniden formüle edilen dementia praecox ve şimdi bipolar bozukluk olarak yeniden tasarlanan manik-depresif psikoz hastalık kavramlarına bölünmesidir. Bu ayrım, Emil Kraepelin'in psikiyatri ders kitabı Psychiatrie'nin altıncı baskısında resmen tanıtıldı. Ein Lehrbuch für Studirende und Aerzte, 1899'da yayınlandı. Modern psikiyatrik sınıflandırma sistemleri olan DSM ve ICD üzerinde oldukça etkili olmuştur ve şizofreninin duygusal psikozdan taksonomik olarak ayrılmasına da yansımıştır. Ancak her ikisinin de semptomlarını gösterdiği görülen vakaları kapsayacak şekilde şizoafektif bozukluk tanısı da mevcuttur.
Tarihi
Kraepelin sistemi ve psikozların modern sınıflandırması, sonuçta 'un görüşlerinden türetilmiştir. 1863 yılında Prusyalı psikiyatrist, Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten (Psikiyatrik Hastalıkların Sınıflandırılması) başlıklı habilitasyonunu yayınladı. Bu metinde, akıl hastalıklarının tıbbi sınıflandırmalarının o zamanki heterojen durumunu gözden geçirdi ve on yedinci yüzyılın başlarından on dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına kadar bu tür yaklaşık otuz nozolojinin varlığını sıraladı. Halen modern psikiyatrik nozolojinin temelini oluşturan yayınlanmış tezinin en büyük katkısı, ilk olarak psikozun semptom, seyir ve sonuca göre sınıflandırılmasına yönelik klinik yöntemi formüle etmesiydi.
Kahlbaum ayrıca vecordia ve vesania adını verdiği iki ana akıl hastalığı grubunu da ayırdı.
Emil Kraepelin, manik-depresif hastalığın endojen psikozları ile demans praecox arasında önerdiği ikilemi ilk olarak 27 Kasım 1898'de Almanya'nın Heidelberg kentinde halka açık bir konferans sırasında ortaya koydu.
Notlar
- ^ Jablensky 2007, s. 383; Greene 2007, s. 362
- ^ Yuhas, Daisy. "Throughout History, Defining Schizophrenia Has Remained a Challenge". Scientific American Mind (March 2013). 13 Nisan 2013 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 2 Mart 2013.
- ^ a b Decker 2007, s. 399.
- ^ Greene 2007, s. 361; Palm & Möller 2011, s. 318
- ^ Jablensky 1999, s. 96; Berrios, Luque & Villagrán 2003, s. 126
- ^ Noll 2007, s. 242; Kahlbaum 1863
- ^ a b c Angst 2002, s. 6.
- ^ Angst 2002, s. 6; Möller 2008, s. 60
- ^ Noll 2007, s. 262.
Kaynakça
- Angst, J. (2002). "Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia". Schizophrenia Research. 57 (1): 5-13. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00328-6. (PMID) 12165371.
- Angst, J.; Gamma, A. (2008). "Diagnosis and course of affective psychoses: was Kraepelin right?" (PDF). European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258: 107-10. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2013-2. (PMID) 18516522.
- Berrios, German E.; Luque, Rogelio; Villagrán, José M. (2003). "Schizophrenia: a conceptual history". International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy. 3 (2): 111-40.
- Bora, E.; Yucel, M.; Fornito, A.; Berk, M.; Pantelis, C. (2008). "Major psychoses with mixed psychotic and mood symptoms: are mixed psychoses associated with different neurobiological markers?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 118 (3): 172-87. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01230.x. ISSN 0001-690X. (PMID) 18699952.
- Briole, G. (2012). "Emil Kraepelin: The Fragility of a Colossal Oeuvre". 8: 125-147.
- Craddock, N.; Owen, M.J. (2005). "The beginning of the end for the Kraepelinian dichotomy". British Journal of Psychiatry. 186 (5): 364-6. doi:10.1192/bjp.186.5.364
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. (PMID) 15863738. - Craddock, N.; Owen, M. J. (2010). "The Kraepelinian dichotomy - going, going... but still not gone". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 196 (2): 92-5. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.073429. ISSN 0007-1250. (PMC) 2815936 $2. (PMID) 20118450.
- Crow, T. J. (2008). "Craddock & Owen vs Kraepelin: 85 years late, mesmerised by 'polygenes'". Schizophrenia Research. 103 (1–3): 156-60. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.001. (PMID) 18434093.
- Cuesta, M. J.; Peralta, V. (2009). "Psychopathological assessment of schizophrenia: relevance for classification". Current Psychiatry Reports. 11 (4): 324-31. doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0047-4. (PMID) 19635242.
- Decker, Hannah S. (2007). "How Kraepelinian was Kraepelin? How Kraepelinian are the neo-Kraepelinians? - from Emil Kraepelin to the DSM-III" (PDF). History of Psychiatry. 18 (3): 337-60. doi:10.1177/0957154X07078976. (PMID) 18175636.
- deVries, M. W (2008). "Multifactorial inheritance, rates of maturation and psychiatry's taxonomic dilemma". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258: 25-8. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2005-2. (PMID) 18516513.
- Fischer, B. A.; Carpenter, W. T. (2009). "Will the Kraepelinian Dichotomy Survive DSM-V?". Neuropsychopharmacology. 34 (9): 2081-7. doi:10.1038/npp.2009.32. (PMC) 2721021 $2. (PMID) 19295511.
- Gaebel, W.; Zielasek, J. (2008). "The DSM-V initiative "deconstructing psychosis" in the context of Kraepelin's concept on nosology". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258 (Suppl. 2): 41-7. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2009-y. (PMID) 18516517.
- Greene, Talya (2007). "The Kraepelinian dichotomy: the twin pillars crumbling?" (PDF). History of Psychiatry. 18 (3): 361-79. doi:10.1177/0957154X07078977. (PMID) 18175637.
- Häfner, Heinz; Heiden, Wolfram an der; Maurer, Kurt (2008). "Evidence for separate diseases?". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258 (Suppl. 2): 85-96. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2011-4. (PMID) 18516520.
- Hippius, H.; Müller, N. (2008). "The work of Emil Kraepelin and his research group in München". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258 (Suppl. 2): 3-11. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2001-6. (PMID) 18516510.
- Jablensky, Assen (1999). "The conflict of the nosologists: views on schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness in the early part of the 20th century". Schizophrenia Research. 39 (2): 95-100. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00106-1. (PMID) 10507518.
- Jablensky, Assen (2007). "Living in a Kraepelinian world. Kraepelin's impact on modern psychiatry" (PDF). History of Psychiatry. 18 (3): 381-8. doi:10.1177/0957154X07079690. (PMID) 18175638.
- Kahlbaum, Karl Ludwig (1863). Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten und die Eintheilung der Seelenstörungen: Entwurf einer historisch-kritischen Darstellung der bisherigen Eintheilungen und Versuch zur Anbahnung einer empirisch-wissenschaftlichen Grundlage der Psychiatrie als klinischer Disciplin. Danzig: Kafemann.
- Lake, Charles Ray; Hurwitz, Nathaniel (2008). "Schizoaffective Disorder—Its Rise and Fall: Perspectives for DSM-V". Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses. 2 (1): 91-7. doi:10.3371/csrp.2.1.8.
- Maier, Wolfgang (2006). "Do schizoaffective disorders exist at all?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 113 (5): 369-371. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00763.x
![image]()
. ISSN 0001-690X. (PMID) 16603028. - Möller, Hans-Jürgen; Bottlender, R.; Gross, A; Hoff, P.; Wittmann, J.; Wegner, U.; Strauss, A. (2002). "The Kraepelinian dichotomy: preliminary results of a 15-year follow-up study on functional psychoses: focus on negative symptoms". Schizophrenia Research. 56 (1–2): 87-94. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00252-3. (PMID) 12084423.
- Möller, Hans-Jürgen (2008). "Systematic of psychiatric disorders between categorical and dimensional approaches: Kraepelin's dichotomy and beyond". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258 (Suppl. 2): 48-73. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2004-3. (PMID) 18516518.
- Müller, N.; Schwarz, M. J (2008). "A psychoneuroimmunological perspective to Emil Kraepelins dichotomy". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 258: 97-106. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2012-3. (PMID) 18516521.
- Noll, Richard. The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders (3.3yıl=2007 bas.). New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN .
- Palm, Ulrich; Möller, Hans-Jürgen (2011). "Reception of Kraepelin's ideas 1900–1960". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 65 (4): 318-325. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02226.x
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. (PMID) 21682810. - Pilgrim, D. (2002). "The biopsychosocial model in Anglo-American psychiatry: past, present and future". Journal of Mental Health. 11 (6): 585-94. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.413.4801 $2. doi:10.1080/09638230020023930.
- Radden, Jennifer (1996). "Lumps and Bumps:Kantian Faculty Psychology, Phrenology, and Twentieth-Century Psychiatric Classification". Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology. 3 (1): 1-14. doi:10.1353/ppp.1996.0008. ISSN 1086-3303.
- Roelcke, Volker (1997). "Biologizing social facts: An early 20th century debate on Kraepelin's concepts of culture, neurasthenia, and degeneration". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 21 (4): 383-403. doi:10.1023/A:1005393121931. (PMID) 9492972.
- Rogler, L.H. (1997). "Making Sense of Historical Changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Five Propositions". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 38 (1): 9-20. doi:10.2307/2955358. JSTOR 2955358. (PMID) 9097505.
- Stefanis, N. (2008). "Genes do not read DSM-IV: implications for psychosis classification". Annals of General Psychiatry. 7 (Suppl 1): S68. doi:10.1186/1744-859X-7-S1-S68
![image]()
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Kraepelinian ikilemi major endojen psikozlarin 1908 de Eugen Bleuler tarafindan sizofreni olarak yeniden formule edilen dementia praecox ve simdi bipolar bozukluk olarak yeniden tasarlanan manik depresif psikoz hastalik kavramlarina bolunmesidir Bu ayrim Emil Kraepelin in psikiyatri ders kitabi Psychiatrie nin altinci baskisinda resmen tanitildi Ein Lehrbuch fur Studirende und Aerzte 1899 da yayinlandi Modern psikiyatrik siniflandirma sistemleri olan DSM ve ICD uzerinde oldukca etkili olmustur ve sizofreninin duygusal psikozdan taksonomik olarak ayrilmasina da yansimistir Ancak her ikisinin de semptomlarini gosterdigi gorulen vakalari kapsayacak sekilde sizoafektif bozukluk tanisi da mevcuttur Emil Kraepelin 1856 1926 TarihiKraepelin sistemi ve psikozlarin modern siniflandirmasi sonucta un goruslerinden turetilmistir 1863 yilinda Prusyali psikiyatrist Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten Psikiyatrik Hastaliklarin Siniflandirilmasi baslikli habilitasyonunu yayinladi Bu metinde akil hastaliklarinin tibbi siniflandirmalarinin o zamanki heterojen durumunu gozden gecirdi ve on yedinci yuzyilin baslarindan on dokuzuncu yuzyilin ortalarina kadar bu tur yaklasik otuz nozolojinin varligini siraladi Halen modern psikiyatrik nozolojinin temelini olusturan yayinlanmis tezinin en buyuk katkisi ilk olarak psikozun semptom seyir ve sonuca gore siniflandirilmasina yonelik klinik yontemi formule etmesiydi Kahlbaum ayrica vecordia ve vesania adini verdigi iki ana akil hastaligi grubunu da ayirdi Emil Kraepelin manik depresif hastaligin endojen psikozlari ile demans praecox arasinda onerdigi ikilemi ilk olarak 27 Kasim 1898 de Almanya nin Heidelberg kentinde halka acik bir konferans sirasinda ortaya koydu Notlar Jablensky 2007 s 383 Greene 2007 s 362 Yuhas Daisy Throughout History Defining Schizophrenia Has Remained a Challenge Scientific American Mind March 2013 13 Nisan 2013 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 2 Mart 2013 a b Decker 2007 s 399 Greene 2007 s 361 Palm amp Moller 2011 s 318 Jablensky 1999 s 96 Berrios Luque amp Villagran 2003 s 126 Noll 2007 s 242 Kahlbaum 1863 a b c Angst 2002 s 6 Angst 2002 s 6 Moller 2008 s 60 Noll 2007 s 262 KaynakcaAngst J 2002 Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic depressive disorders and schizophrenia Schizophrenia Research 57 1 5 13 doi 10 1016 S0920 9964 02 00328 6 PMID 12165371 Angst J Gamma A 2008 Diagnosis and course of affective psychoses was Kraepelin right PDF European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 107 10 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2013 2 PMID 18516522 Berrios German E Luque Rogelio Villagran Jose M 2003 Schizophrenia a conceptual history International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 3 2 111 40 Bora E Yucel M Fornito A Berk M Pantelis C 2008 Major psychoses with mixed psychotic and mood symptoms are mixed psychoses associated with different neurobiological markers Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 118 3 172 87 doi 10 1111 j 1600 0447 2008 01230 x ISSN 0001 690X PMID 18699952 Briole G 2012 Emil Kraepelin The Fragility of a Colossal Oeuvre 8 125 147 Craddock N Owen M J 2005 The beginning of the end for the Kraepelinian dichotomy British Journal of Psychiatry 186 5 364 6 doi 10 1192 bjp 186 5 364 PMID 15863738 Craddock N Owen M J 2010 The Kraepelinian dichotomy going going but still not gone The British Journal of Psychiatry 196 2 92 5 doi 10 1192 bjp bp 109 073429 ISSN 0007 1250 PMC 2815936 2 PMID 20118450 Crow T J 2008 Craddock amp Owen vs Kraepelin 85 years late mesmerised by polygenes Schizophrenia Research 103 1 3 156 60 doi 10 1016 j schres 2008 03 001 PMID 18434093 Cuesta M J Peralta V 2009 Psychopathological assessment of schizophrenia relevance for classification Current Psychiatry Reports 11 4 324 31 doi 10 1007 s11920 009 0047 4 PMID 19635242 Decker Hannah S 2007 How Kraepelinian was Kraepelin How Kraepelinian are the neo Kraepelinians from Emil Kraepelin to the DSM III PDF History of Psychiatry 18 3 337 60 doi 10 1177 0957154X07078976 PMID 18175636 deVries M W 2008 Multifactorial inheritance rates of maturation and psychiatry s taxonomic dilemma European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 25 8 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2005 2 PMID 18516513 Fischer B A Carpenter W T 2009 Will the Kraepelinian Dichotomy Survive DSM V Neuropsychopharmacology 34 9 2081 7 doi 10 1038 npp 2009 32 PMC 2721021 2 PMID 19295511 Gaebel W Zielasek J 2008 The DSM V initiative deconstructing psychosis in the context of Kraepelin s concept on nosology European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 Suppl 2 41 7 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2009 y PMID 18516517 Greene Talya 2007 The Kraepelinian dichotomy the twin pillars crumbling PDF History of Psychiatry 18 3 361 79 doi 10 1177 0957154X07078977 PMID 18175637 Hafner Heinz Heiden Wolfram an der Maurer Kurt 2008 Evidence for separate diseases European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 Suppl 2 85 96 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2011 4 PMID 18516520 Hippius H Muller N 2008 The work of Emil Kraepelin and his research group in Munchen European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 Suppl 2 3 11 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2001 6 PMID 18516510 Jablensky Assen 1999 The conflict of the nosologists views on schizophrenia and manic depressive illness in the early part of the 20th century Schizophrenia Research 39 2 95 100 doi 10 1016 S0920 9964 99 00106 1 PMID 10507518 Jablensky Assen 2007 Living in a Kraepelinian world Kraepelin s impact on modern psychiatry PDF History of Psychiatry 18 3 381 8 doi 10 1177 0957154X07079690 PMID 18175638 Kahlbaum Karl Ludwig 1863 Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten und die Eintheilung der Seelenstorungen Entwurf einer historisch kritischen Darstellung der bisherigen Eintheilungen und Versuch zur Anbahnung einer empirisch wissenschaftlichen Grundlage der Psychiatrie als klinischer Disciplin Danzig Kafemann Lake Charles Ray Hurwitz Nathaniel 2008 Schizoaffective Disorder Its Rise and Fall Perspectives for DSM V Clinical Schizophrenia amp Related Psychoses 2 1 91 7 doi 10 3371 csrp 2 1 8 Maier Wolfgang 2006 Do schizoaffective disorders exist at all Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 113 5 369 371 doi 10 1111 j 1600 0447 2006 00763 x ISSN 0001 690X PMID 16603028 Moller Hans Jurgen Bottlender R Gross A Hoff P Wittmann J Wegner U Strauss A 2002 The Kraepelinian dichotomy preliminary results of a 15 year follow up study on functional psychoses focus on negative symptoms Schizophrenia Research 56 1 2 87 94 doi 10 1016 S0920 9964 01 00252 3 PMID 12084423 Moller Hans Jurgen 2008 Systematic of psychiatric disorders between categorical and dimensional approaches Kraepelin s dichotomy and beyond European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 Suppl 2 48 73 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2004 3 PMID 18516518 Muller N Schwarz M J 2008 A psychoneuroimmunological perspective to Emil Kraepelins dichotomy European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 258 97 106 doi 10 1007 s00406 008 2012 3 PMID 18516521 Noll Richard The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders 3 3yil 2007 bas New York Infobase Publishing ISBN 978 0 8160 6405 2 Palm Ulrich Moller Hans Jurgen 2011 Reception of Kraepelin s ideas 1900 1960 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 65 4 318 325 doi 10 1111 j 1440 1819 2011 02226 x PMID 21682810 Pilgrim D 2002 The biopsychosocial model in Anglo American psychiatry past present and future Journal of Mental Health 11 6 585 94 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 413 4801 2 doi 10 1080 09638230020023930 Radden Jennifer 1996 Lumps and Bumps Kantian Faculty Psychology Phrenology and Twentieth Century Psychiatric Classification Philosophy Psychiatry amp Psychology 3 1 1 14 doi 10 1353 ppp 1996 0008 ISSN 1086 3303 Roelcke Volker 1997 Biologizing social facts An early 20th century debate on Kraepelin s concepts of culture neurasthenia and degeneration Culture Medicine and Psychiatry 21 4 383 403 doi 10 1023 A 1005393121931 PMID 9492972 Rogler L H 1997 Making Sense of Historical Changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Five Propositions Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38 1 9 20 doi 10 2307 2955358 JSTOR 2955358 PMID 9097505 Stefanis N 2008 Genes do not read DSM IV implications for psychosis classification Annals of General Psychiatry 7 Suppl 1 S68 doi 10 1186 1744 859X 7 S1 S68