Büyük şeytan Farsça شيطان بزرگ şeytan i Bozorg iran ın dış politika bildirilerinde bazen Amerika Birle�

Büyük Şeytan (Farsça: شيطان بزرگ Şeytan-i Bozorg), İran'ın dış politika bildirilerinde bazen Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için kullanılan aşağılayıcı bir adlandırmadır. Bazen bu kelimeler aynı zamanda Birleşik Krallık hükûmeti için de kullanılmıştır. Bu terim, ilk olarak İran lideri Ruhullah Humeyni tarafından 5 Kasım 1979 tarihinde konuşmasında, emperyalizm ve dünya çapında yolsuzluklara destek vermekle suçlanan ABD'yi tanımlamak için kullanıldı.

Le Figaro ve The Seattle Times gibi gazeteler birkaç kez bu adı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için kullandı.

Tarihçe

1979 İran devriminden sonra İran devleti, ABD ve İngiltere'yi İran'ın iç işlerine karışma konusunda uzun bir geçmişe sahip emperyalist ülkeler olarak gördü.

1907'de Rusya ve İngiltere arasında imzalanan bir İngiliz-Rus anlaşması sonucunda İran'ı etki alanlarına ayırıp İran'ın egemenliği göz ardı edildi. 1953 yılında, Soğuk Savaş sırasında, İngiliz istihbarat yetkilileri ve ABD başkanı Dwight D. Eisenhower, seçilmiş başbakan Muhammed Musaddık'ı devirmek için ortak bir operasyon planladılar. Bu operasyon Ajax Operasyonu olarak biliniyordu. İlk başta askeri darbe başarısız oldu ve İran Şahı Muhammed Rıza Pehlevi ülkeden kaçtı. Yaygın isyanlardan ve CIA ve İngiltere istihbarat servislerinin yardımlarıyla Musaddık yenildi ve Şah, Batı'nın petrol çıkarlarına destek sağlayarak ve komünist yayılma tehdidini sona erdirerek iktidara geri döndü. Askeri darbenin rehberi olan Fazlullah Zahidi başbakan oldu.

1965'te Humeyni, sürgüne gönderildi. 1970'lerin başında birçok İranlı Şah'ın hükûmetine karşı çıktı. Nihayette Humeyni İran'a döndü ve 1979 İran devrimine öncülük etti. İran Devrimi sırasında göstericiler genellikle "", "" ve "Amerika'ya ölüm" gibi sloganlar attılar.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

^ Khomeini, Ruhollah (5 Kasım 1979). (Speech). Iranian Central Insurance Office Staff. Imam's Sahifeh. Kum. 22 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Şubat 2017. In this revolution, the Great Satan is America that gathers around other devils blatantly…If we see the US, this great Satan, raising chain and bringing the devils together around him, it is because the US grip over our country and our resources curtailed.
^ . 14 Eylül 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Kasım 2022.
^ Risen, James (16 Nisan 2000). "SECRETS OF HISTORY: The C.I.A. in Iran -- A special report. ; How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79)". The New York Times. 2 Eylül 2021 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016.
^ Staff writer(s) (c. 1975). . Central Intelligence Agency. 24 Aralık 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2016. Complete secrecy about the operation that was known under the cryptonym of TPAJAX has been impossible to enforce...[T]he military coup that overthrew Mosadeq and his National Front cabinet was carried out under CIA direction as an act of U.S. foreign policy, conceived and approved at the highest levels of government.
^ Wilber, Donald (March 1954). (PDF). 28 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2016. In early summer of 1953 Carroll was assigned the task of planning military aspects of TPAJAX. Several assumptions first had to be taken into account: A. Operation would be joint operation with SIS.
^ Wilber, Donald (March 1954). (PDF). s. iv. 28 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2016. An estimate entitled 'Factors Involved in the Overthrow of Mossadeq' was completed on 16 April 1953... In April it was determined that the CIA should conduct the envisioned operation jointly with the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). By the end of April, it was decided that CIA and SIS officers would draw up a plan… which would be submitted to CIA and SIS Headquarters, and to the Department of State and the Foreign Office for final approval.
^ Risen, James (16 Nisan 2000). . The New York Times. 2 Eylül 2004 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. Aug. 16, 1953…The shah flees to Baghdad.
^ Berry, Burton Y. (17 Ağustos 1953). . Office of the Historian of the U.S. Department of State. 24 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. On the third day Mosadeq by some means had been alerted and had had the time to take successful countermeasures so that when the Colonel arrived at Mosadeq's house he was himself arrested...This morning the Shah left his Caspian Palace in a Beechcraft with a pilot, one Palace official and his Queen and landed in Baghdad at 10:15. He said that he thought that he should not stay here more than a few days, but would then go to Europe and he hoped eventually to America. He added he would be looking for work shortly as he has a large family and very small means outside of Iran. I tried to boost his morale by saying that I hoped that soon he would return to reign over his people for whom he had done so much, but he replied that Mosadeq was absolutely mad and insanely jealous, like a tiger who springs upon any living thing that it sees moving above him. Shah believes Mosadeq thinks he can form a partnership with the [Communist] Tudeh Party and then outwit it, but in so doing Mosadeq will become the Dr. [Edvard] Bene[š] of Iran.
^ Staff writer(s) (May 1972). . Source: Central Intelligence Agency, OCI Files, Job 79T00832A, Box 9, 46. Secret; No Foreign Dissem. Prepared in the Office of Current Intelligence and coordinated within CIA. 20 Aralık 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. [P]laying an essentially negative role at present... are the clergy, whose strength lies in the emotions of the Iranian masses and whose opposition to the Shah's government is nearly total...Detailed information on the clergy is not available. There are perhaps 100,000 clergymen ranging from the mullah, the lowest clerical post, to the mojtahed.
^ Staff writer(s) (7 Aralık 2009). . BBC. 2 Ocak 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. One of the big anti-Shah chants ended with the slogan "Death to Shah!"...A main revolutionary cry was: "Estaghlal, Azadi, Jomhuriye Eslami" (Eng: Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic).
^ Staff writer(s) (6 Kasım 1979). "IRAN LEADERS BACK U.S. EMBASSY SEIZURE; Khomeini's Son Tells Students All American Ties Should Be Cut". The New York Times. Teheran. Reuters. ss. A1, A12. Students Shout "Death to America!"…Tens of thousands of students surrounded the American Embassy compound today shouting anti-American slogans such as "Death to America!"...

Dış bağlantılar

The Great Satan 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde . by Kavitha Rao, April 26, 2000
'Great Satan' warned of a burning hell by , The Guardian, February 16, 2005
How the "Great Satan" Became Just Great 19 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .

[1] Khomeini, Ruhollah (5 Kasım 1979). (Speech). Iranian Central Insurance Office Staff. Imam's Sahifeh. Kum. 22 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Şubat 2017. In this revolution, the Great Satan is America that gathers around other devils blatantly…If we see the US, this great Satan, raising chain and bringing the devils together around him, it is because the US grip over our country and our resources curtailed.

[2] . 14 Eylül 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Kasım 2022.

[3] Risen, James (16 Nisan 2000). "SECRETS OF HISTORY: The C.I.A. in Iran -- A special report. ; How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79)". The New York Times. 2 Eylül 2021 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016.

[4] Staff writer(s) (c. 1975). . Central Intelligence Agency. 24 Aralık 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2016. Complete secrecy about the operation that was known under the cryptonym of TPAJAX has been impossible to enforce...[T]he military coup that overthrew Mosadeq and his National Front cabinet was carried out under CIA direction as an act of U.S. foreign policy, conceived and approved at the highest levels of government.

[5] Wilber, Donald (March 1954). (PDF). 28 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2016. In early summer of 1953 Carroll was assigned the task of planning military aspects of TPAJAX. Several assumptions first had to be taken into account: A. Operation would be joint operation with SIS.

[6] Wilber, Donald (March 1954). (PDF). s. iv. 28 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2016. An estimate entitled 'Factors Involved in the Overthrow of Mossadeq' was completed on 16 April 1953... In April it was determined that the CIA should conduct the envisioned operation jointly with the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). By the end of April, it was decided that CIA and SIS officers would draw up a plan… which would be submitted to CIA and SIS Headquarters, and to the Department of State and the Foreign Office for final approval.

[7] Risen, James (16 Nisan 2000). . The New York Times. 2 Eylül 2004 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. Aug. 16, 1953…The shah flees to Baghdad.

[8] Berry, Burton Y. (17 Ağustos 1953). . Office of the Historian of the U.S. Department of State. 24 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. On the third day Mosadeq by some means had been alerted and had had the time to take successful countermeasures so that when the Colonel arrived at Mosadeq's house he was himself arrested...This morning the Shah left his Caspian Palace in a Beechcraft with a pilot, one Palace official and his Queen and landed in Baghdad at 10:15. He said that he thought that he should not stay here more than a few days, but would then go to Europe and he hoped eventually to America. He added he would be looking for work shortly as he has a large family and very small means outside of Iran. I tried to boost his morale by saying that I hoped that soon he would return to reign over his people for whom he had done so much, but he replied that Mosadeq was absolutely mad and insanely jealous, like a tiger who springs upon any living thing that it sees moving above him. Shah believes Mosadeq thinks he can form a partnership with the [Communist] Tudeh Party and then outwit it, but in so doing Mosadeq will become the Dr. [Edvard] Bene[š] of Iran.

[9] Staff writer(s) (May 1972). . Source: Central Intelligence Agency, OCI Files, Job 79T00832A, Box 9, 46. Secret; No Foreign Dissem. Prepared in the Office of Current Intelligence and coordinated within CIA. 20 Aralık 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. [P]laying an essentially negative role at present... are the clergy, whose strength lies in the emotions of the Iranian masses and whose opposition to the Shah's government is nearly total...Detailed information on the clergy is not available. There are perhaps 100,000 clergymen ranging from the mullah, the lowest clerical post, to the mojtahed.

[10] Staff writer(s) (7 Aralık 2009). . BBC. 2 Ocak 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2016. One of the big anti-Shah chants ended with the slogan "Death to Shah!"...A main revolutionary cry was: "Estaghlal, Azadi, Jomhuriye Eslami" (Eng: Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic).

[11] Staff writer(s) (6 Kasım 1979). "IRAN LEADERS BACK U.S. EMBASSY SEIZURE; Khomeini's Son Tells Students All American Ties Should Be Cut". The New York Times. Teheran. Reuters. ss. A1, A12. Students Shout "Death to America!"…Tens of thousands of students surrounded the American Embassy compound today shouting anti-American slogans such as "Death to America!"...