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Bilinçli farkındalık kişinin dikkatini şimdiki zamanda yargılamadan kaçınarak meydana gelen deneyimlere bilinçl

Bilinçli farkındalık

Bilinçli farkındalık
www.wikipedia.tr-tr.nina.azhttps://www.wikipedia.tr-tr.nina.az

Bilinçli farkındalık, kişinin dikkatini şimdiki zamanda yargılamadan kaçınarak meydana gelen deneyimlere bilinçli olarak getirme şeklinde gelişen psikolojik sürecidir. Bu süreç meditasyon uygulamaları ve diğer bir takım pratikler yoluyla geliştirilir. Bilinçli farkındalık, Budist geleneklerin önemli bir unsuru olan <i id="mwIg">sati'den</i> gelmektedir ve Zen, Vipassanā ve Tibet meditasyon tekniklerine dayanmaktadır. Yine de bilinçli farkındalık tanımları ve teknikleri geniş kapsamlıdır. Modern Batı bağlamında farkındalığın popülerliğine katkıda bulunan bireyler arasında Thích Nhất Hạnh (1926–), Herbert Benson (1935–), Jon Kabat-Zinn (1944–) ve Richard J. Davidson (1951–) bulunmaktadır.

image
Sanskritçe yazılmış Budist terimi "Sati".

1970'lerden bu yana klinik psikoloji ve psikiyatri, insanların çeşitli psikolojik rahatsızlıklar yaşamasına yardımcı olmak için bilinçli farkındalığa dayalı bir dizi terapötik uygulama geliştirmiştir.Depresyon belirtilerini azaltmak için, stresi azaltmak için,anksiyete ve bağımlılık tedavisinde bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Bilinçli farkındalık modellerine dayalı programlar okullarda, hapishanelerde, hastanelerde, gazi merkezlerinde ve diğer ortamlarda benimsenmiş ve sağlıklı yaşlanma, kilo yönetimi, atletik performans, özel ihtiyaçları olan çocuklara yardımcı olma gibi ek sonuçlar için ve ayrıca perinatal dönemde bir müdahale olarak çeşitli bilinçli farkındalık programları uygulanmıştır.

Klinik çalışmalar, farklı hasta kategorilerinin yanı sıra sağlıklı yetişkinlerde ve çocuklarda bilinçli farkındalığın hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel sağlık yararlarını belgelemiştir. Araştırma çalışmaları sürekli olarak özellik bilinçli farkındalığı ile psikolojik sağlık arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Bilinçli farkındalık uygulamasının, psikiyatrik bozuklukları olan insanlara terapötik yararlar sağladığı görülmektedirPsikoz hastalarına da orta seviyede faydası olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmalar ayrıca ruminasyon ve endişenin çeşitli zihinsel bozuklukların başlangıcına katkıda bulunduğunu, ve bilinçli farkındalık temelli müdahalelerin hem ruminasyonu hem de endişeyi önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması, akıl sağlığı sorunlarının gelişimini durdurmak için önleyici bir strateji olabilir.

Bununla birlikte, eleştirmenler sağlık yararları için bilinçli farkındalığın ticarileştirilmesini ve aşırı pazarlanmasını sorgulamış ve ayrıca daha randomize kontrollü çalışmalara, rapor edilen çalışmalarda daha fazla metodolojik ayrıntıya ve daha büyük örnek boyutlarının kullanımına ihtiyaç olduğunu vurgulamışlardır.

2017 yılında Richard J. Davidson bilinçli farkındalık müdahalelerinden çok fazla beklentiye girmeye karşı uyarıda bulundu:

"Fiziksel hastalık ile ilgili olarak, buradaki verilerin gerçekten çok güçlü olmadığını ve kesinlikle meditasyonun herhangi bir hastalık için diğer herhangi bir yöntemden daha iyi olduğunu göstermediğini söyleyebilirim. Bunu önerecek bir delil olduğunu sanmıyorum. Ve daha önce bahsettiğimiz gibi psikiyatrik hastalıklarla ilgili olarak, depresyon için bazı kanıtlar var, ancak çoğunlukla, depresif nüksetme ile bu Bilinçli Farkındalığa Dayalı Bilişsel Terapi vakası dışında, kanıtlar yine bilinçli farkındalığa dayalı müdahalelerin ampirik olarak iyi onaylanmış diğer tedavilerden daha iyi olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, bir kişi farkındalık temelli bir yaklaşımı tercih edebilirken, bu bunun daha iyi olmasını gerektirmez. Ve bu, bu uygulamaların başlangıçta psikopatolojiyi tedavi etmek veya fiziksel hastalıkları tedavi etmek için tasarlanmadığına dair aydınlatıcı bir hatırlatmadır.".

Uygulama

Bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması, kişinin dikkatini şu an olan bitene çekme becerisini geliştirme sürecini içerir.

Nefesi izlemek, vücut taraması ve diğer teknikler

Bilinçli farkındalık meditasyonunu geliştirmek için tasarlanmış, rehberli meditasyonlardan yararlanan çeşitli alıştırmalar bulunmaktadır.

  • Bir yöntem, bir sandalyede veya yere ya da bir yastığa bağdaş kurarak oturmak, gözlerini kapatmak ve dikkati burun deliklerinden nefes alıp verme hissine ya da nefes alıp verirken karın hareketlerine dikkat etmektir. Bu meditasyon pratiğinde kişi nefes almayı kontrol etmeye çalışmaz, ancak doğal nefes alma sürecinin/ritminin farkında olmaya çalışır. Bu pratikte zihin genellikle diğer düşünce ve çağrışımlara kaçar. Bu durumda kişi pasif bir şekilde zihninin dolaştığını fark eder ve yargılayıcı olmayan, kabul edici bir şekilde bir şekilde nefes almaya odaklanır.
  • Vücut tarama meditasyonunda dikkat, vücudun çeşitli bölgelerine yöneliktir ve o anda meydana gelen vücut hislerini izler.
  • Ayrıca o anda meydana gelen sesler, duyumlar, düşünceler, duygular ve eylemler üzerinde de durulabilir. Bununla ilgili olarak Kabot Zinn tarafından MBSR programda, tanıtılan ünlü bir egzeriz, bir kuru üzümü bilinçli ve farkında bir şekilde ta tatmayı ve yemeyi içerir İç açlık ve tokluk ipuçlarıyla yeniden bağlantı kurulmasını sağlayarak, dikkatli beslenmenin sağlıklı ve bilinçli yeme alışkanlıklarını sürdürmenin bir yolu olduğu ileri sürülmüştür.
  • Diğer yaklaşımlar, dikkati hareketlere ve vücut hislerine vererek yoga asanaları uygulaması ve yürüyüş meditasyonunu içerir.

Zamanlamalar

Meditasyon yapan kişilerin günde 10 dakikalık kısa meditasyon uygulamaları ile başlaması önerilir. Düzenli olarak uygulanırken, dikkati nefes almaya odaklamak daha kolay hale gelir.

Budist bağlamında; ahlaki kurallar

Budist bir bağlamda ahlaki kuralların korunması, farkındalık veya meditasyon için önemli bir hazırlık aşamasıdır. Vipassana aynı zamanda dukkha, anatta ve anicca gibi olguları, neden-sonuç ve diğer Budist öğretileri üzerine derinlemesine düşünmeyi içerir

Beyin çalışmaları

Riskler

Basında, insanlar Bipolar açığı açığa çıkaracak önermek veya bastırılmış uyguladıktan sonra korku ve kaygı, panik ya da "meltdowns" artan beklenmeyen etkiler yüklemiştir TSSB belirtileri. Bununla birlikte, yayınlanan hakemli akademik makalelere göre, meditasyonun bu olumsuz etkileri farkındalık meditasyonu için nadirdir, ve gerçekte farkındalık / meditasyon uygulamalarını neyin oluşturduğuna dair zayıf bir anlayış nedeniyle ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Ayrıca bakınız

  • Meditasyon
  • Yoga
  • Takva
  • Bilinç yükseltme

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review, by Ruth A. Baer, available at http://www.wisebrain.org/papers/MindfulnessPsyTx.pdf 9 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
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  3. ^ a b c d "Mindfulness Interventions". Annual Review of Psychology. Cilt 68. Ocak 2017. ss. 491-516. Methodologically rigorous RCTs have demonstrated that mindfulness interventions improve outcomes in multiple domains (e.g., chronic pain, depression relapse, addiction). 
  4. ^ American Psychological Association (APA.org, 2012); Kabat-Zinn, in Purser, 2015; as cited at PositivePsychology.com, What Is Mindfulness? Definition + Benefits (Incl. Psychology) 22 Aralık 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde ..
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  11. ^ Dreyfus 2013, ss. 44–48.
  12. ^ Polak 2011, ss. 153–56.
  13. ^ Williams & Tribe 2000, s. 46.
  14. ^ Buddhadasa Bhikkhu 2014, ss. 79, 101, 117 note 42.
  15. ^ While translated as "mindfulness," and often interpreted as "bare attention," the term sati has broader connotations: "memory," "retention," "mindfulness, alertness, self-possession." In a Buddhist context it has a wider meaning and purpose, related to vipassana, namely discerning what is beneficial and what is not, and calming the mind by this discernment.
  16. ^ Evan Thompson (28 Ocak 2020). Why I Am Not a Buddhist (İngilizce). ISBN . 
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  20. ^ "Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". PloS One. 9 (4). 2014. ss. e96110. This is the first meta-analysis of RCTs of MBIs where all studies included only participants who were diagnosed with a current episode of a depressive or anxiety disorder. Effects of MBIs on primary symptom severity were found for people with a current depressive disorder and it is recommended that MBIs might be considered as an intervention for this population. 
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  25. ^ "Are mindfulness-based interventions effective for substance use disorders? A systematic review of the evidence". Substance Use & Misuse. 49 (5). Nisan 2014. ss. 492-512. 
  26. ^ "Mindfulness training targets neurocognitive mechanisms of addiction at the attention-appraisal-emotion interface". Frontiers in Psychiatry. Cilt 4. Ocak 2014. s. 173. 
  27. ^ "Mindfulness-based interventions: an antidote to suffering in the context of substance use, misuse, and addiction". Substance Use & Misuse. 49 (5). Nisan 2014. ss. 487-91. 
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  33. ^ "Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: a review of the literature". Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. 39 (3). 2017. ss. 207-215. 
  34. ^ "Mindfulness interventions for psychosis: a systematic review of the literature". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 24 (1). Şubat 2017. ss. 69-83. 
  35. ^ "Mindfulness- and Acceptance-based Interventions for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Global Advances in Health and Medicine. 5 (1). Ocak 2016. ss. 30-43. Moderate evidence was found for short-term effects on total psychotic symptoms, positive symptoms, hospitalization rates, duration of hospitalization, and mindfulness and for long-term effects on total psychotic symptoms and duration of hospitalization. 
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  47. ^ Kabat-Zinn himself, in Full Catastrophe Living (Revised Edition) (2013), p. lxiv
  48. ^ Kabat-Zinn, in Full Catastrophe Living (Revised Edition) (2013), p. lxiv advises to use CD's with guided mindfulness practices: "Almost everybody finds it easier, when embarking for the first time on a daily meditation practice, to listen to an instructor-guided audio program and let it "carry them along" in the early stages, until they get the hang of it from the inside, rather than attempting to follow instructions from a book, however clear and detailed they may be."

    Compare Rupert Gethin (2004), On the practice of Buddhist meditation, pp. 202–03, noting that the Buddhist sutras hardly explain how to meditate, and then stating that "the effective practice of meditation requires the personal instruction of a teacher." Gethin seems to echo Vetter (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, who notes that the describes the Buddha as instructing his first followers in turn: instructing two or three of them, while the others go out begging for food, signifying the need for personal instruction to learn ho to practice dhyana.
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  57. ^ Mahāsi Sayādaw, Manual of Insight, Chapter 5
  58. ^ Mahasi Sayadaw, Practical Vipassana Instructions, pp. 22–27
  59. ^ "The Art of Living: Vipassana Meditation". Dhamma.org. 30 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 30 Mayıs 2013. 
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  62. ^ "The Safety of Mindfulness-Based Interventions: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials". Mindfulness. 2018. ss. 1-14. 

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

Basılı kaynaklar

  • Bazzano M (2014). After Mindfulness: New Perspectives on Psychology and Meditation. Palgrave Macmillan. 
  • Bell LG (2009). "Mindful Psychotherapy". Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. 11 (1–2). ss. 126-44. doi:10.1080/19349630902864275. 
  • Benhard JD, Kristeller J, Kabat-Zinn J (Eylül 1988). "Effectiveness of relaxation and visualization techniques as an adjunct to phototherapy and photochemotherapy of psoriasis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 19 (3). ss. 572-4. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(88)80329-3. (PMID) 3049703. 
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  • Boccio FJ (2004). Mindfulness Yoga: The Awakened Union of Breath, Body and Mind (İngilizce). Simon and Schuster. ISBN . 
  • Bowen S, Chawla N, Marlatt GA (2010). Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Addictive Behaviors: A Clinician's Guide (İngilizce). Guilford Press. ISBN . 
  • Brahm A (2005). Mindfulness, Bliss, and Beyond: A Meditator's Handbook (İngilizce). Wisdom Publications. ISBN . 
  • Brantley J (2007). Calming Your Anxious Mind: How Mindfulness & Compassion Can Free You from Anxiety, Fear, & Panic (İngilizce) (2. bas.). New Harbinger. ISBN . 
  • Buddhadasa B (2014). Heartwood of the Bodhi Tree. Wisdom publications. 
  • Thilo Deckersbach; Britta Hölzel; Lori Eisner; Sara W. Lazar; Andrew A. Nierenberg (2014). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder (İngilizce). Guilford Press. ISBN . 
  • Didonna F (2008). Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness. Springer Science & Business Media. 
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  • Germer CK (2005). "Mindfulness. What Is It? What does It Matter?". Germer CK, Siegel RD, Fulton PR (Ed.). Mindfulness and Psychotherapy. Guilford Press. KB1 bakım: Editörler parametresini kullanan ()
  • Christopher K. Germer (2009). The Mindful Path to Self-Compassion: Freeing Yourself from Destructive Thoughts and Emotions (İngilizce). Guilford Press. ISBN . 
  • Christopher K. Germer; Ronald D. Siegel; Paul R. Fulton (2013). Germer CK, Siegel R, Fulton PR (Ed.). Mindfulness and Psychotherapy (İngilizce) (Second bas.). Guilford Press. ISBN . KB1 bakım: Editörler parametresini kullanan ()
  • Germer CK, Siegel R, Fulton PR (2005). Mindfulness and Psychotherapy (İngilizce). The Guilford Press. ISBN .  (The use of mindfulness in psychology, and the history of mindfulness)
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Web kaynakları

  1. ^ "Does "mindfulness meditation" really help relieve stress and anxiety?". Ask Doctor K. Harvard Health Publications. 31 Mart 2014. 30 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2014. 

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Bilincli farkindalik kisinin dikkatini simdiki zamanda yargilamadan kacinarak meydana gelen deneyimlere bilincli olarak getirme seklinde gelisen psikolojik surecidir Bu surec meditasyon uygulamalari ve diger bir takim pratikler yoluyla gelistirilir Bilincli farkindalik Budist geleneklerin onemli bir unsuru olan lt i id mwIg gt sati den lt i gt gelmektedir ve Zen Vipassana ve Tibet meditasyon tekniklerine dayanmaktadir Yine de bilincli farkindalik tanimlari ve teknikleri genis kapsamlidir Modern Bati baglaminda farkindaligin populerligine katkida bulunan bireyler arasinda Thich Nhất Hạnh 1926 Herbert Benson 1935 Jon Kabat Zinn 1944 ve Richard J Davidson 1951 bulunmaktadir Sanskritce yazilmis Budist terimi Sati 1970 lerden bu yana klinik psikoloji ve psikiyatri insanlarin cesitli psikolojik rahatsizliklar yasamasina yardimci olmak icin bilincli farkindaliga dayali bir dizi terapotik uygulama gelistirmistir Depresyon belirtilerini azaltmak icin stresi azaltmak icin anksiyete ve bagimlilik tedavisinde bilincli farkindalik uygulamasi kullanilmistir Bilincli farkindalik modellerine dayali programlar okullarda hapishanelerde hastanelerde gazi merkezlerinde ve diger ortamlarda benimsenmis ve saglikli yaslanma kilo yonetimi atletik performans ozel ihtiyaclari olan cocuklara yardimci olma gibi ek sonuclar icin ve ayrica perinatal donemde bir mudahale olarak cesitli bilincli farkindalik programlari uygulanmistir Klinik calismalar farkli hasta kategorilerinin yani sira saglikli yetiskinlerde ve cocuklarda bilincli farkindaligin hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel saglik yararlarini belgelemistir Arastirma calismalari surekli olarak ozellik bilincli farkindaligi ile psikolojik saglik arasinda pozitif bir iliski oldugunu gostermistir Bilincli farkindalik uygulamasinin psikiyatrik bozukluklari olan insanlara terapotik yararlar sagladigi gorulmektedirPsikoz hastalarina da orta seviyede faydasi oldugu gorulmustur Calismalar ayrica ruminasyon ve endisenin cesitli zihinsel bozukluklarin baslangicina katkida bulundugunu ve bilincli farkindalik temelli mudahalelerin hem ruminasyonu hem de endiseyi onemli olcude azalttigini gostermektedir Ayrica bilincli farkindalik uygulamasi akil sagligi sorunlarinin gelisimini durdurmak icin onleyici bir strateji olabilir Bununla birlikte elestirmenler saglik yararlari icin bilincli farkindaligin ticarilestirilmesini ve asiri pazarlanmasini sorgulamis ve ayrica daha randomize kontrollu calismalara rapor edilen calismalarda daha fazla metodolojik ayrintiya ve daha buyuk ornek boyutlarinin kullanimina ihtiyac oldugunu vurgulamislardir 2017 yilinda Richard J Davidson bilincli farkindalik mudahalelerinden cok fazla beklentiye girmeye karsi uyarida bulundu Fiziksel hastalik ile ilgili olarak buradaki verilerin gercekten cok guclu olmadigini ve kesinlikle meditasyonun herhangi bir hastalik icin diger herhangi bir yontemden daha iyi oldugunu gostermedigini soyleyebilirim Bunu onerecek bir delil oldugunu sanmiyorum Ve daha once bahsettigimiz gibi psikiyatrik hastaliklarla ilgili olarak depresyon icin bazi kanitlar var ancak cogunlukla depresif nuksetme ile bu Bilincli Farkindaliga Dayali Bilissel Terapi vakasi disinda kanitlar yine bilincli farkindaliga dayali mudahalelerin ampirik olarak iyi onaylanmis diger tedavilerden daha iyi olmadigini gostermektedir Bu nedenle bir kisi farkindalik temelli bir yaklasimi tercih edebilirken bu bunun daha iyi olmasini gerektirmez Ve bu bu uygulamalarin baslangicta psikopatolojiyi tedavi etmek veya fiziksel hastaliklari tedavi etmek icin tasarlanmadigina dair aydinlatici bir hatirlatmadir UygulamaBilincli farkindalik uygulamasi kisinin dikkatini su an olan bitene cekme becerisini gelistirme surecini icerir Nefesi izlemek vucut taramasi ve diger teknikler Bilincli farkindalik meditasyonunu gelistirmek icin tasarlanmis rehberli meditasyonlardan yararlanan cesitli alistirmalar bulunmaktadir Bir yontem bir sandalyede veya yere ya da bir yastiga bagdas kurarak oturmak gozlerini kapatmak ve dikkati burun deliklerinden nefes alip verme hissine ya da nefes alip verirken karin hareketlerine dikkat etmektir Bu meditasyon pratiginde kisi nefes almayi kontrol etmeye calismaz ancak dogal nefes alma surecinin ritminin farkinda olmaya calisir Bu pratikte zihin genellikle diger dusunce ve cagrisimlara kacar Bu durumda kisi pasif bir sekilde zihninin dolastigini fark eder ve yargilayici olmayan kabul edici bir sekilde bir sekilde nefes almaya odaklanir Vucut tarama meditasyonunda dikkat vucudun cesitli bolgelerine yoneliktir ve o anda meydana gelen vucut hislerini izler Ayrica o anda meydana gelen sesler duyumlar dusunceler duygular ve eylemler uzerinde de durulabilir Bununla ilgili olarak Kabot Zinn tarafindan MBSR programda tanitilan unlu bir egzeriz bir kuru uzumu bilincli ve farkinda bir sekilde ta tatmayi ve yemeyi icerir Ic aclik ve tokluk ipuclariyla yeniden baglanti kurulmasini saglayarak dikkatli beslenmenin saglikli ve bilincli yeme aliskanliklarini surdurmenin bir yolu oldugu ileri surulmustur Diger yaklasimlar dikkati hareketlere ve vucut hislerine vererek yoga asanalari uygulamasi ve yuruyus meditasyonunu icerir Zamanlamalar Meditasyon yapan kisilerin gunde 10 dakikalik kisa meditasyon uygulamalari ile baslamasi onerilir Duzenli olarak uygulanirken dikkati nefes almaya odaklamak daha kolay hale gelir Budist baglaminda ahlaki kurallar Budist bir baglamda ahlaki kurallarin korunmasi farkindalik veya meditasyon icin onemli bir hazirlik asamasidir Vipassana ayni zamanda dukkha anatta ve anicca gibi olgulari neden sonuc ve diger Budist ogretileri uzerine derinlemesine dusunmeyi icerir Beyin calismalari Riskler Basinda insanlar Bipolar acigi aciga cikaracak onermek veya bastirilmis uyguladiktan sonra korku ve kaygi panik ya da meltdowns artan beklenmeyen etkiler yuklemistir TSSB belirtileri Bununla birlikte yayinlanan hakemli akademik makalelere gore meditasyonun bu olumsuz etkileri farkindalik meditasyonu icin nadirdir ve gercekte farkindalik meditasyon uygulamalarini neyin olusturduguna dair zayif bir anlayis nedeniyle ortaya cikmaktadir Ayrica bakinizMeditasyon Yoga Takva Bilinc yukseltmeKaynakca a b Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention A Conceptual and Empirical Review by Ruth A Baer available at http www wisebrain org papers MindfulnessPsyTx pdf 9 Mayis 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde a b c d Jon Kabat Zinn 24 Eylul 2013 Full Catastrophe Living Revised Edition Ingilizce Bantam ISBN 978 0345539724 a b c d Mindfulness Interventions Annual Review of Psychology Cilt 68 Ocak 2017 ss 491 516 Methodologically rigorous RCTs have demonstrated that mindfulness interventions improve outcomes in multiple domains e g chronic pain depression relapse addiction American Psychological Association APA org 2012 Kabat Zinn in Purser 2015 as cited at PositivePsychology com What Is Mindfulness Definition Benefits Incl Psychology 22 Aralik 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Mental training as a tool in the neuroscientific study of brain and cognitive plasticity Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Cilt 5 2011 s 17 Gary Deatherage 1975 The clinical use of mindfulness meditation techniques in short term psychotherapy PDF Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 7 2 ss 133 43 14 Subat 2020 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 a b c Karunamuni 2017 Theoretical Foundations to Guide Mindfulness Meditation A Path to Wisdom Current Psychology 38 3 ss 627 646 24 Ekim 2019 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Van Gordon 2014 There is Only One Mindfulness Why Science and Buddhism Need to Work Together Mindfulness Cilt 6 ss 49 56 a b Nisbet Matthew 2017 41 3 ss 24 26 2 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 2 Ekim 2018 a b Sati The Pali Text Society s Pali English Dictionary Digital Dictionaries of South Asia University of Chicago 12 Aralik 2012 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Dreyfus 2013 ss 44 48 Polak 2011 ss 153 56 Williams amp Tribe 2000 s 46 Buddhadasa Bhikkhu 2014 ss 79 101 117 note 42 While translated as mindfulness and often interpreted as bare attention the term sati has broader connotations memory retention mindfulness alertness self possession In a Buddhist context it has a wider meaning and purpose related to vipassana namely discerning what is beneficial and what is not and calming the mind by this discernment Evan Thompson 28 Ocak 2020 Why I Am Not a Buddhist Ingilizce ISBN 978 0 300 22655 3 Exploring the Promise of Mindfulness as Medicine Jama 314 13 Ekim 2015 ss 1327 9 Meditation and neuroplasticity training your brain Interview by Bonnie J Horrigan Explore 1 5 Eylul 2005 ss 380 8 a b When mindfulness is therapy Ethical qualms historical perspectives The American Psychologist 70 7 Ekim 2015 ss 621 31 20 Subat 2021 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Mindfulness the argument goes was never supposed to be about weight loss better sex helping children perform better in school helping employees be more productive in the workplace or even improving the functioning of anxious depressed people It was never supposed to be a merchandized commodity to be bought and sold Mindfulness based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder a meta analysis of randomised controlled trials PloS One 9 4 2014 ss e96110 This is the first meta analysis of RCTs of MBIs where all studies included only participants who were diagnosed with a current episode of a depressive or anxiety disorder Effects of MBIs on primary symptom severity were found for people with a current depressive disorder and it is recommended that MBIs might be considered as an intervention for this population Mindfulness based stress reduction for healthy individuals A meta analysis Journal of Psychosomatic Research 78 6 Haziran 2015 ss 519 28 We conducted a meta analysis to provide a review of MBSR for healthy individuals The meta analysis included 29 studies enrolling 2668 participants The results obtained are robust and are maintained at follow up When combined mindfulness and compassion strongly correlated with clinical effects Critical analysis of the efficacy of meditation therapies for acute and subacute phase treatment of depressive disorders a systematic review Psychosomatics 56 2 2015 ss 140 52 27 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Mindfulness based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals a systematic review Journal of Evidence Based Complementary amp Alternative Medicine 19 4 Ekim 2014 ss 271 86 Mindfulness based stress reduction offers an effective way of reducing stress by combining mindfulness meditation and yoga in an 8 week training program Of the 17 studies 16 demonstrated positive changes in psychological or physiological outcomes related to anxiety and or stress Despite the limitations of not all studies using randomized controlled design having smaller sample sizes and having different outcomes mindfulness based stress reduction appears to be a promising modality for stress management The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression A meta analytic review Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 78 2 Nisan 2010 ss 169 83 Are mindfulness based interventions effective for substance use disorders A systematic review of the evidence Substance Use amp Misuse 49 5 Nisan 2014 ss 492 512 Mindfulness training targets neurocognitive mechanisms of addiction at the attention appraisal emotion interface Frontiers in Psychiatry Cilt 4 Ocak 2014 s 173 Mindfulness based interventions an antidote to suffering in the context of substance use misuse and addiction Substance Use amp Misuse 49 5 Nisan 2014 ss 487 91 Neural Basis of Mindfulness Interventions that Moderate the Impact of Stress on the Brain Neuropsychopharmacology 41 1 Ocak 2016 s 373 Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health a Systematic Review Mindfulness 9 1 2018 ss 23 43 a b Effects of mindfulness on psychological health a review of empirical studies Clinical Psychology Review 31 6 Agustos 2011 ss 1041 56 Mindfulness based interventions for psychiatric disorders A systematic review and meta analysis Clinical Psychology Review Cilt 59 Subat 2018 ss 52 60 Mindfulness based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder a review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence Journal of Psychiatry amp Neuroscience 43 1 Ocak 2018 ss 7 25 Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders a review of the literature Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 39 3 2017 ss 207 215 Mindfulness interventions for psychosis a systematic review of the literature Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 24 1 Subat 2017 ss 69 83 Mindfulness and Acceptance based Interventions for Psychosis A Systematic Review and Meta analysis Global Advances in Health and Medicine 5 1 Ocak 2016 ss 30 43 Moderate evidence was found for short term effects on total psychotic symptoms positive symptoms hospitalization rates duration of hospitalization and mindfulness and for long term effects on total psychotic symptoms and duration of hospitalization Mindfulness and acceptance based interventions for psychosis Our current understanding and a meta analysis Schizophrenia Research Cilt 192 Subat 2018 ss 57 63 Maladaptive repetitive thought as a transdiagnostic phenomenon and treatment target An integrative review Journal of Clinical Psychology 74 7 Temmuz 2018 ss 1126 1136 Ed Watkins 2015 Psychological treatment of depressive rumination Current Opinion in Psychology Cilt 4 ss 32 36 Assessing treatments used to reduce rumination and or worry a systematic review PDF Clinical Psychology Review 33 8 Aralik 2013 ss 996 1009 27 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 How do mindfulness based cognitive therapy and mindfulness based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing A systematic review and meta analysis of mediation studies Clinical Psychology Review Cilt 37 Nisan 2015 ss 1 12 Mindfulness based interventions for the treatment of depressive rumination Systematic review and meta analysis 17 3 2017 ss 282 295 A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy Translational Behavioral Medicine 6 1 Mart 2016 ss 63 72 Cheng FK 2016 Is meditation conducive to mental well being for adolescents An integrative review for mental health nursing International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Cilt 4 ss 7 19 Mindfulness Has Lost Its Buddhist Roots and it may not be doing you good The Conversation 29 Subat 2020 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 5 Subat 2020 What was once a tool for spiritual exploration has been turned into a panacea for the modern age a cure all for common human problems from stress to anxiety to depression Yet the potential for emotional and psychological disturbance is rarely talked about by mindfulness researchers the media or mentioned in training courses Mindfulness has been separated from its roots stripped of its ethical and spiritual connotations and sold to us as a therapeutic tool Instead as Giles Coren recently claimed this technique has been turned into a McMindfulness which only reinforces one s egocentric drives Sam Harris 28 Aralik 2017 The Science of Meditation samharris org Podcast Sam Harris Etkinlik zamani 1 04 46 Erisim tarihi 2 Mart 2019 a b Bhante Gunaratana Henepola Gunaratana 6 Eylul 2011 PDF Ingilizce Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 0861719068 15 Aralik 2017 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Kabat Zinn himself in Full Catastrophe Living Revised Edition 2013 p lxiv Kabat Zinn in Full Catastrophe Living Revised Edition 2013 p lxiv advises to use CD s with guided mindfulness practices Almost everybody finds it easier when embarking for the first time on a daily meditation practice to listen to an instructor guided audio program and let it carry them along in the early stages until they get the hang of it from the inside rather than attempting to follow instructions from a book however clear and detailed they may be Compare Rupert Gethin 2004 On the practice of Buddhist meditation pp 202 03 noting that the Buddhist sutras hardly explain how to meditate and then stating that the effective practice of meditation requires the personal instruction of a teacher Gethin seems to echo Vetter 1988 The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism who notes that the describes the Buddha as instructing his first followers in turn instructing two or three of them while the others go out begging for food signifying the need for personal instruction to learn ho to practice dhyana a b Wilson 2014 30 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 mindful stanford edu 25 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 ggia berkeley edu 2 Eylul 2019 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 University of Massachusetts Medical School 17 Kasim 2016 13 Aralik 2019 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Ihnen amp Flynn 2008 Healthy eating and sustainable nutrition through mindfulness Mixed method results of a controlled intervention study Appetite Cilt 141 Ekim 2019 s 104325 The art of being mindful Finding peace in a stressed out digitally dependent culture may just be a matter of thinking differently Time 183 4 Subat 2014 ss 40 6 Mahasi Sayadaw Manual of Insight Chapter 5 Mahasi Sayadaw Practical Vipassana Instructions pp 22 27 The Art of Living Vipassana Meditation Dhamma org 30 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 30 Mayis 2013 Foster 23 Ocak 2016 Is mindfulness making us ill theguardian Guardian News 23 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 23 Ocak 2016 Shonin 2014 Are there risks associated with using mindfulness in the treatment of psychopathology PDF Clinical Practice 11 4 ss 389 92 30 Eylul 2020 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 The Safety of Mindfulness Based Interventions a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Mindfulness 2018 ss 1 14 Konuyla ilgili yayinlarBasili kaynaklar Bazzano M 2014 After Mindfulness New Perspectives on Psychology and Meditation Palgrave Macmillan Bell LG 2009 Mindful Psychotherapy Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 11 1 2 ss 126 44 doi 10 1080 19349630902864275 Benhard JD Kristeller J Kabat Zinn J Eylul 1988 Effectiveness of relaxation and visualization techniques as an adjunct to phototherapy and photochemotherapy of psoriasis Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 19 3 ss 572 4 doi 10 1016 S0190 9622 88 80329 3 PMID 3049703 Bishop SR Lau M Shapiro S Carlson L Anderson ND Carmody J Segal ZV Abbey S Speca M Velting D Devins G 2006 Mindfulness A Proposed Operational Definition Clinical Psychology Science and Practice 11 3 ss 230 41 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 168 6212 2 doi 10 1093 clipsy bph077 Black DS 2011 PDF 18 Eylul 2017 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 26 Subat 2020 Boccio FJ 2004 Mindfulness Yoga The Awakened Union of Breath Body and Mind Ingilizce Simon and Schuster ISBN 0 86171 335 4 Bowen S Chawla N Marlatt GA 2010 Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention for Addictive Behaviors A Clinician s Guide Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 60623 987 2 Brahm A 2005 Mindfulness Bliss and Beyond A Meditator s Handbook Ingilizce Wisdom Publications ISBN 978 0 86171 275 5 Brantley J 2007 Calming Your Anxious Mind How Mindfulness amp Compassion Can Free You from Anxiety Fear amp Panic Ingilizce 2 bas New Harbinger ISBN 978 1 57224 487 0 Buddhadasa B 2014 Heartwood of the Bodhi Tree Wisdom publications Thilo Deckersbach Britta Holzel Lori Eisner Sara W Lazar Andrew A Nierenberg 2014 Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 4625 1406 9 Didonna F 2008 Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness Springer Science amp Business Media Dreyfus G 2013 Is mindfulness present centered and non judgmental A discussion of the cognitive dimensions of mindfulness Williams JM Kabat Zinn J Ed Mindfulness Diverse Perspectives on its Meaning Origins and Applications Routledge Gehart DR 2012 Mindfulness and Acceptance in Couple and Family Therapy Springer Science amp Business Media Germer CK 2005 Mindfulness What Is It What does It Matter Germer CK Siegel RD Fulton PR Ed Mindfulness and Psychotherapy Guilford Press KB1 bakim Editorler parametresini kullanan link Christopher K Germer 2009 The Mindful Path to Self Compassion Freeing Yourself from Destructive Thoughts and Emotions Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 59385 975 6 Christopher K Germer Ronald D Siegel Paul R Fulton 2013 Germer CK Siegel R Fulton PR Ed Mindfulness and Psychotherapy Ingilizce Second bas Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 4625 1137 2 KB1 bakim Editorler parametresini kullanan link Germer CK Siegel R Fulton PR 2005 Mindfulness and Psychotherapy Ingilizce The Guilford Press ISBN 1 59385 139 1 The use of mindfulness in psychology and the history of mindfulness Grossman P Niemann L Schmidt S Walach H Temmuz 2004 Mindfulness based stress reduction and health benefits A meta analysis Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57 1 ss 35 43 doi 10 1016 S0022 3999 03 00573 7 PMID 15256293 Guenther HV Kawamura LS 1975 Mind in Buddhist Psychology A Translation of Ye shes rgyal mtshan s The Necklace of Clear Understanding Kindle bas Dharma Publishing Gunaratana BH 2002 Mindfulness in Plain English Ingilizce Wisdom Publications ISBN 978 0 86171 906 8 2 Eylul 2013 tarihinde kaynagindan Hanh TN 1996 The Miracle of Mindfulness A Manual on Meditation Beacon Press Harris MW 2009 The A to Z of Unitarian Universalism Scarecrow Press 9 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynagindan Hayes SC Follette VM Linehan MM Ed 2011 Mindfulness and Acceptance Expanding the Cognitive Behavioral Tradition Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 60918 989 1 KB1 bakim Editorler parametresini kullanan link Hick SF 2010 Cultivating Therapeutic Relationships The Role of Mindfulness Hick SF Bien T Ed Mindfulness and the Therapeutic Relationship Guilford Press KB1 bakim Editorler parametresini kullanan link Hofmann SG Sawyer AT Witt AA Oh D Nisan 2010 The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression A meta analytic review Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 78 2 ss 169 83 doi 10 1037 a0018555 PMC 2848393 2 PMID 20350028 Hoopes A 2007 Zen Yoga A Path to Enlightenment through Breathing Movement and Meditation Kodansha International Ihnen A Flynn C 2008 The Complete Idiot s Guide to Mindfulness Penguin Kabat Zinn J Temmuz 2000 Participatory medicine Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 14 4 ss 239 40 doi 10 1046 j 1468 3083 2000 00062 x PMID 11204505 Kabat Zinn Jon 2011 Mindfulness for Beginners Reclaiming the Present Moment and Your Life Sounds True Kabat Zinn Jon 2013 Arriving at Your Own Door 108 Lessons in Mindfulness Hachette UK Kabat Zinn Jon n d Wherever You Go There You Are M indfulness Meditation For Everyday Life PDF 14 Temmuz 2014 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF Kapleau P 1989 The Three Pillars of Zen Teaching Practice and Enlightenment Anchor Books King WL 1992 Theravada Meditation The Buddhist Transformation of Yoga Delhi Motilal Banarsidass King R 2001 Orientalism and Religion Post Colonial Theory India and The Mystic East Taylor amp Francis e Library Kipf D 1979 The Brahmo Samaj and the shaping of the modern Indian mind Ingilizce Atlantic Publishers amp Distri ISBN 978 0691031255 29 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynagindan Koster F 2009 Basisprincipes Vipassana meditatie Mindfulness als weg naar bevrijdend inzicht Asoka Kristeller JL 2007 Mindfulness Meditation Lehrer PM Woolfolk RL Sime WE Ed Principles and Practice of Stress Management Third bas Guilford Press KB1 bakim Editorler parametresini kullanan link Langer EJ 1989 Mindfulness Merloyd Lawrence Linehan M 1993 Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder Guilford Press Marlatt GA Kristeller J 1999 Mindfulness and meditation Miller WE Ed Integrating spirituality in treatment Resources for practitioners Washington DC American Psychological Association Books ss 67 84 KB1 bakim Editorler parametresini kullanan link McCracken LM Gauntlett Gilbert J Vowles KE Eylul 2007 The role of mindfulness in a contextual cognitive behavioral analysis of chronic pain related suffering and disability Pain 131 1 2 ss 63 9 doi 10 1016 j pain 2006 12 013 PMID 17257755 McCown D Micozzi MS 2011 New World Mindfulness From the Founding Fathers Emerson and Thoreau to Your Personal Practice Inner Traditions Bear amp Co McMahan DL 2008 The Making of Buddhist Modernism Ingilizce Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195183276 Melemis Steven M 2008 Make Room for Happiness 12 Ways to Improve Your Life by Letting Go of Tension Better Health Self Esteem and Relationships Modern Therapies 978 1 897572 17 7 Miller JJ Fletcher K Kabat Zinn J Mayis 1995 Three year follow up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders General Hospital Psychiatry 17 3 ss 192 200 doi 10 1016 0163 8343 95 00025 M PMID 7649463 Nyanaponika 1998 Het hart van boeddhistische meditatie The heart of Buddhist Meditation Felemenkce Asoka Ockene JK Ockene IS Kabat Zinn J Greene HL Frid D 1990 Teaching risk factor counseling skills to medical students house staff and fellows American Journal of Preventive Medicine 6 2 Suppl ss 35 42 PMID 2383411 Ockene JK Sorensen G Kabat Zinn J Ockene IS Donnelly G Mart 1988 Benefits and costs of lifestyle change to reduce risk of chronic disease Preventive Medicine 17 2 ss 224 34 doi 10 1016 0091 7435 88 90065 5 PMID 3047727 Susan M Orsillo Lizabeth Roemer 2011 The Mindful Way through Anxiety Break Free from Chronic Worry and Reclaim Your Life Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 60623 464 8 Polak G 2011 Reexamining Jhana Towards a Critical Reconstruction of Early Buddhist Soteriology UMCS Susan M Pollak Susan Pollak Thomas Pedulla Ronald D Siegel 2014 Sitting Together Essential Skills for Mindfulness Based Psychotherapy Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 4625 1398 7 Safran JD 2014 Straight Talk Cutting through the spin on psychotherapy and mental health Psychology Today Saxe GA Hebert JR Carmody JF Kabat Zinn J Rosenzweig PH Jarzobski D Reed GW Blute RD Aralik 2001 Can diet in conjunction with stress reduction affect the rate of increase in prostate specific antigen after biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer The Journal of Urology 166 6 ss 2202 7 doi 10 1016 S0022 5347 05 65535 8 PMID 11696736 Segal ZV Williams JM Teasdale JD 2012 Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression Ingilizce Second bas Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 4625 0750 4 Sharf Robert 1995 Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience PDF Numen 42 3 ss 228 83 doi 10 1163 1568527952598549 hdl 2027 42 43810 JSTOR 3270219 Sharf R 2014 Mindfulness and Mindlessness in Early Chan Philosophy East and West 64 4 ss 933 64 doi 10 1353 pew 2014 0074 Siegel DJ 2007 The Mindful Brain Reflection and Attunement in the Cultivation of Well Being Ingilizce Norton ISBN 978 0 393 70470 9 Ronald D Siegel 2009 The Mindfulness Solution Everyday Practices for Everyday Problems Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 60623 294 1 Siegel Ronald D 2010 The Mindfulness Solution Everyday Practices for Everyday Problems 19 Ekim 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde The Guilford Press 978 1 60623 294 1 Tanay G Bernstein A Aralik 2013 State Mindfulness Scale SMS development and initial validation Psychological Assessment 25 4 ss 1286 99 doi 10 1037 a0034044 PMID 24059475 Teasdale JD Segal ZV 2007 The Mindful Way Through Depression Freeing Yourself from Chronic Unhappiness Guilford Press Teasdale JD Williams JM Segal ZV 2014 The Mindful Way Workbook An 8 Week Program to Free Yourself from Depression and Emotional Distress Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 4625 0814 3 Vetter T 1988 The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism BRILL Weiss A 2004 Beginning Mindfulness Learning the Way of Awareness New World Library Williams JM Duggan DS Crane C Fennell MJ Subat 2006 Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for prevention of recurrence of suicidal behavior Journal of Clinical Psychology 62 2 ss 201 10 doi 10 1002 jclp 20223 PMID 16342287 Williams M Teasdale J Segal Z Kabat Zinn J 2007 The Mindful Way through Depression Freeing Yourself from Chronic Unhappiness Ingilizce Guilford Press ISBN 978 1 59385 128 6 Williams P Tribe A 2000 Buddhist Thought Routledge Wilson J 2014 Mindful America Meditation and the Mutual Transformation of Buddhism and American Culture Oxford University Press Zgierska A Rabago D Chawla N Kushner K Koehler R Marlatt A 2009 Mindfulness meditation for substance use disorders a systematic review Substance Abuse 30 4 ss 266 94 doi 10 1080 08897070903250019 PMC 2800788 2 PMID 19904664 Web kaynaklari Does mindfulness meditation really help relieve stress and anxiety Ask Doctor K Harvard Health Publications 31 Mart 2014 30 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 22 Nisan 2014

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