Güneş kütlesine (M☉) göre keşfedilen en büyük yıldızların listesidir.
Belirsizlikler ve uyarılar
Aşağıda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu tartışmaya açıktır ve mevcut araştırmanın konusu olarak inceleme altındadır. Bu yıldızlar kütlelerinin ve diğer özelliklerinin sürekli olarak gözden geçirilmesine tabidir. Aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu, yıldızların sıcaklık ve mutlak parlaklıklarının ölçümleri kullanılarak teorik olarak belirlenmektedir. Hem teori, hem de ölçümler mevcut bilgi ve teknolojinin sınırlarını zorlamaktadır bu nedenle her ikisi de yanlış olabilir. Örneğin, VV Cephei yıldızı hangi özelliğinin incelendiğine bağlı olarak 25–40 M☉ veya 100 M☉ arasında olabilir.
Güvenilir nadir tahminler
Tutulması olan ikili yıldızlar, kütleleri bir miktar güvenle tahmin edilen tek yıldızlardır. Ancak, aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen hemen hemen tüm kütlelerin dolaylı yöntemlerle çıkarıldığını unutmayın; tablodaki kütlelerin sadece birkaçı tutulma sistemleri kullanılarak belirlendi.
Yıldız evriminin önemi
Bazı yıldızlar bir zamanlar bugün olduğundan daha ağır olabilir. Birçoğunun, yüksek hızlı rüzgarların sıcak fotosfer tarafından uzaya yönlendirildiği süper rüzgar süreci tarafından belki de onlarca güneş kütlesi kadar önemli kütle kaybına maruz kalması muhtemeldir.
Yıldız adı | Kütle (Güneş= 1) | Dünya'ya uzaklık (Işık yılı) | Kütleyi hesaplamak için kullanılan model | Kaynaklar |
---|---|---|---|---|
315 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | ||
230 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | ||
226 | 165.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
195 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | ||
189 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
180 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | ||
>152 ± 51 | 24.400 | İkili | ||
150 | 164.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
R136a6 | 150 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | |
A | 147 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
A | 140 | 160.000 | ||
B | 136 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
132 ± 13 | 24.700 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
130 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
130 | ? | |||
130 ± 5 | 25.000 | Üçlü sistemde fırlama | ||
R136a4 | 124 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | |
-F9 | 121 ± 10 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
120 | 24.700 | Tutulmalı ikili | ||
120 | 9.500-12.700 | Evrimsel model | ||
NGC 3603-C | 113 ± 10 | 22.500 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
110 | 5.220 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
WR 25 | 110 | 10.500 | İkili? | |
style="background: ;" | | 110 | 7.500 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
103.6 | 26.100 | İkili | ||
103 | 16.400 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
-F1 | 110 ± 9 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
-F6 | 106 ± 5 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
R136a5 | 101 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | |
η Carinae A | 100 | 7.500 | Parlaklık / İkili | Bayer ismine sahip en büyük yıldız |
() | 100 | 26.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
100 | 4.700 | Parlaklık? | ||
99 | ? | |||
R136a8 | 96 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | |
-F7 | 96 ± 6 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
95 | ? | |||
94 | ? | |||
94 | ? | |||
93 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | ||
92 | 24.800 | |||
91 | ? | |||
B | >90 | Parlaklık | ||
90 | 4.700 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli? | ||
87 | Evrimsel model | |||
86.83 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |||
-F15 | 88.5 ± 8.5 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | ||
85 | 160.000 | |||
84 | ||||
WR20a A | 82.7 ± 5.5 | Tutulmalı ikili | ||
82 | ? | |||
WR20a B | 81.9 ± 5.5 | Tutulmalı ikili | ||
81 | ? | |||
A | >80 | Parlaklık | ||
80 | Parlaklık | |||
-8B | 80 | Parlaklık? | ||
80 | ? | |||
80 | ? |
80 Güneş kütlesinden küçük yıldızlara örnekler:
in M33Yıldız adı | Kütle (Güneş= 1) | Metod | Kaynaklar |
---|---|---|---|
A | 78 | ||
A | 78 | ||
78 | |||
Pismis 24-17 | 78 | ||
-11 | 73+32 -24 | ||
-F12 | 70–82 | ||
70 | |||
70 | |||
70 | |||
69 | |||
R136a7 | 69 | Evrimsel model | |
A | 68.5 | ||
-F18 | 67–82 | ||
-F4 | 66–76 | ||
-F28 | 66–76 | ||
B | 66 | ||
A | 61 | ||
60–85 | |||
59 | |||
58.3 | |||
58 | |||
A | 57 | ||
56.6 | |||
(Naos) | 56.1 | ||
-F21 | 56–70 | ||
B | 56 | ||
-F10 | 55–69 | ||
A | 55 | ||
55 | |||
53+20 -40 + 54+20 -40 | İkili | ||
-F14 | 54–65 | ||
54 | |||
A | 54 | ||
-F3 | 52–63 | ||
52 | |||
-4 | 52 | ||
-B1 | 50–60 | ||
B | 48 | ||
-F20 | 47–57 | ||
A=47 ± 2, B=28 ± 1 | İkili | ||
-F16 | 46–56 | ||
45–55 | |||
B | 45 ± 11 | ||
45 | |||
45 | |||
45 | |||
44.5 | |||
-8A A | 44.1 | ||
-1 | 44 | ||
-10 | 43.1±14 | ||
-F8 | 43–51 | ||
43 | |||
Pismis 24-2 | 43 | ||
χ2 Orionis | 42.3 | ||
-8C | 42.2±14 | ||
-F2 | 42–49 | ||
-6 | 42 | ||
42 | |||
in NGC 3603 | 40–52 | ||
40 | |||
40 | |||
40 | |||
-7 | 39,7+17 -10 | ||
Pismis 24-16 | 38 | ||
Pismis 24–25 | 38 | ||
-8A B | 37.4 | ||
B | 37.3 | ||
ζ1 Scorpii | 36 | ||
Pismis 24-13 | 35 | ||
35 | |||
-9 A | >34 | ||
-18 | 33 | ||
ζ Orionis (Alnitak) | 33 | ||
-F5 | 31–36 | ||
-5 A | 31 | ||
-9 B | >30 | ||
η Carinae B | 30–80 | Parlaklık/İkili | |
ε Orionis (Alnilam) | 30–64.5 | ||
30–35 | |||
A (Regor A) | 30 | ||
30 | |||
30 | |||
VY Canis Majoris | 30 (17–40) | ||
A=28.63 ± 0.3. B=28.85 ± 0.3 | |||
() | 27.5 | ||
HR 5171 Aa | 27-36 | ||
26.9 | |||
(Menkib) | 26–36 | ||
25 | |||
Pismis 24-3 | 25 | ||
NGC 7538 S | 25 | ||
25 | |||
25 |
Notlar
- ^ The masses were revised with better data, but refinements are still needed.
Kaynakça
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- ^ Ohnaka, K.; Driebe, T.; Hofmann, K. H.; Weigelt, G.; Wittkowski, M. (2009). "Resolving the dusty torus and the mystery surrounding LMC red supergiant WOH G64". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 4: 454. Bibcode:2009IAUS..256..454O. doi:10.1017/S1743921308028858 .
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Gunes kutlesine M gore kesfedilen en buyuk yildizlarin listesidir Eta Carinae Bayer ismini tasiyan en buyuk yildizR136Belirsizlikler ve uyarilarAsagida listelenen kutlelerin cogu tartismaya aciktir ve mevcut arastirmanin konusu olarak inceleme altindadir Bu yildizlar kutlelerinin ve diger ozelliklerinin surekli olarak gozden gecirilmesine tabidir Asagidaki tabloda listelenen kutlelerin cogu yildizlarin sicaklik ve mutlak parlakliklarinin olcumleri kullanilarak teorik olarak belirlenmektedir Hem teori hem de olcumler mevcut bilgi ve teknolojinin sinirlarini zorlamaktadir bu nedenle her ikisi de yanlis olabilir Ornegin VV Cephei yildizi hangi ozelliginin incelendigine bagli olarak 25 40 M veya 100 M arasinda olabilir Guvenilir nadir tahminler Tutulmasi olan ikili yildizlar kutleleri bir miktar guvenle tahmin edilen tek yildizlardir Ancak asagidaki tabloda listelenen hemen hemen tum kutlelerin dolayli yontemlerle cikarildigini unutmayin tablodaki kutlelerin sadece birkaci tutulma sistemleri kullanilarak belirlendi Yildiz evriminin onemi Bazi yildizlar bir zamanlar bugun oldugundan daha agir olabilir Bircogunun yuksek hizli ruzgarlarin sicak fotosfer tarafindan uzaya yonlendirildigi super ruzgar sureci tarafindan belki de onlarca gunes kutlesi kadar onemli kutle kaybina maruz kalmasi muhtemeldir 80M den buyuk yildizlar Yildiz adi Kutle Gunes 1 Dunya ya uzaklik Isik yili Kutleyi hesaplamak icin kullanilan model Kaynaklar315 163 000 Evrimsel model230 163 000 Evrimsel model226 165 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli195 163 000 Evrimsel model189 163 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli180 163 000 Evrimsel model gt 152 51 24 400 Ikili150 164 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeliR136a6 150 157 000 Evrimsel modelA 147 163 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeliA 140 160 000B 136 163 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli132 13 24 700 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli130 163 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli130 130 5 25 000 Uclu sistemde firlamaR136a4 124 157 000 Evrimsel model F9 121 10 25 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli120 24 700 Tutulmali ikili120 9 500 12 700 Evrimsel modelNGC 3603 C 113 10 22 500 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli110 5 220 Parlaklik atmosfer modeliWR 25 110 10 500 Ikili style background 110 7 500 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli103 6 26 100 Ikili103 16 400 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli F1 110 9 25 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli F6 106 5 25 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeliR136a5 101 157 000 Evrimsel modelh Carinae A 100 7 500 Parlaklik Ikili Bayer ismine sahip en buyuk yildiz 100 26 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli100 4 700 Parlaklik 99 R136a8 96 157 000 Evrimsel model F7 96 6 25 000 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli95 94 94 93 163 000 Evrimsel model92 24 80091 B gt 90 Parlaklik90 4 700 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli 87 Evrimsel model86 83 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli F15 88 5 8 5 Parlaklik atmosfer modeli85 160 00084WR20a A 82 7 5 5 Tutulmali ikili82 WR20a B 81 9 5 5 Tutulmali ikili81 A gt 80 Parlaklik80 Parlaklik 8B 80 Parlaklik 80 80 80 Gunes kutlesinden kucuk yildizlara ornekler in M3325 79 Gunes kutlesindeki bazi yildizlar Yildiz adi Kutle Gunes 1 Metod KaynaklarA 78A 7878Pismis 24 17 78 11 73 32 24 F12 70 8270707069R136a7 69 Evrimsel modelA 68 5 F18 67 82 F4 66 76 F28 66 76B 66A 6160 855958 358A 5756 6 Naos 56 1 F21 56 70B 56 F10 55 69A 555553 20 40 54 20 40 Ikili F14 54 6554A 54 F3 52 6352 4 52 B1 50 60B 48 F20 47 57A 47 2 B 28 1 Ikili F16 46 5645 55B 45 1145454544 5 8A A 44 1 1 44 10 43 1 14 F8 43 5143Pismis 24 2 43x2 Orionis 42 3 8C 42 2 14 F2 42 49 6 4242in NGC 3603 40 52404040 7 39 7 17 10Pismis 24 16 38Pismis 24 25 38 8A B 37 4B 37 3z1 Scorpii 36Pismis 24 13 3535 9 A gt 34 18 33z Orionis Alnitak 33 F5 31 36 5 A 31 9 B gt 30h Carinae B 30 80 Parlaklik Ikilie Orionis Alnilam 30 64 530 35A Regor A 303030VY Canis Majoris 30 17 40 A 28 63 0 3 B 28 85 0 3 27 5HR 5171 Aa 27 3626 9 Menkib 26 3625Pismis 24 3 25NGC 7538 S 252525Notlar The masses were revised with better data but refinements are still needed Kaynakca a b c d e f g h i j k Crowther Paul A Caballero Nieves S M Bostroem K A Maiz 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