Aşağıda, fiziksel boyut açısından şu ana kadar keşfedilen en büyük ötegezegenlerin yarıçapa göre sıralanmış bir listesi bulunmaktadır.
Not
Güneş dışı nesnelerin bu listesi, dergiler arasındaki tutarsızlıklar, bu nesneleri incelemek için kullanılan farklı yöntemler ve güneş dışı gezegenleri veya bu konuda diğer büyük nesneleri keşfetme gibi zaten son derece zor bir görev nedeniyle zaman içinde değişebilir ve değişecektir. Ayrıca bu nesnelerin kahverengi cüceler, kahverengi-altı cüceler olabileceği ya da hiç var olmadığı gerçeği de var. Bu nedenle, bu liste yalnızca bugüne kadarki en iyi ölçümleri belirtmektedir ve değişmeye eğilimlidir. Bu nesnelerin yıldız olmadığını ve evrensel hatta yıldız ölçeğinde oldukça küçük olduklarını unutmayın.
Liste
Boyutlar Jüpiter yarıçapı birimlerinde listelenmiştir (71.492 km) Listelenen tüm gezegenler, Güneş Sistemindeki en büyük gezegen olan Jüpiter'in 1,7 katından daha büyüktür. Karşılaştırma amacıyla 1,7 RJ'den küçük bazı gezegenler dahil edilmiştir.
Olası kahverengi cüceler (kütle temel alınmıştır) | |
---|---|
Olası kahverengi alt cüceler (kütle ve konum temel alınmıştır) | |
Olası gezegenler (kütle temel alınmıştır) |
Çizim | Ötegezegen adı | Yarıçap(RJ) | Not |
---|---|---|---|
Kahverengi cüceler için boyut sınırı | 8 | ||
7,4±0,3 – 8,0±1,1 | Fotobuharlaşan diske sahip bir haydut gezegen / alt-kahverengi cüce adayı. Orion Bulutsusu Kümesi'nde bulunur. 500.000 yaşında olup bilinen en genç ötegezegenlerden biridir. Dış gezegen hakkında daha fazla bilgi ve yarıçapına ilişkin tahminler aşağıda mevcuttur: | ||
3,0±0,5, 4.6±1.5, 3.50+1.50-1.03, 3.77 | 21,5 MJ ; bu aralığın en yüksek ucunda genç kahverengi cüce olarak sınıflandırılabilir. | ||
2.6±0.7 – 2.7±0.8; 2.68 | 14,2MJ; en büyüğü kahverengi cüce olarak sınıflandırılır. | ||
2,43±0,18 – 2,55±0,2 | |||
2.24–5.55 | Büyük olasılıkla bir kahverengi cüce[10] veya yarı-kahverengi cüce, bunlar en az kütleye sahip, serbest yüzen yıldız altı nesneler olabilir. Etrafı toz ve kaya ve buz parçacıklarından oluşan yıldız çevresi bir diskle çevrilidir. | ||
Yukarıdaki yarıçaplar, gezegensel evrim teorisinin sıcak Jüpiterler için öngördüğünden daha büyüktür ve bu nedenle potansiyel olarak güvenilmezdir. | |||
Sıcak Jüpiter sınırı | 2.2 | Bir yıldıza yakın sıcak Jüpiterler için gelgit ısınmasıyla sınırlanan ve 'kaçak enflasyona' neden olan teorik sınır | |
2.2+0.81-0.6 | 17MJ; muhtemelen kahverengi bir cücedir. | ||
2.09+0.23-0.32 – 2.72+0.39-0.34 | Muhtemelen bilinen en büyük ötegezegen. | ||
1.6 - 2.75 | 2,75 RJ'lik en büyük yarıçap yalnızca 1 Myr için geçerlidir. Çeşitli yayınlar daha yüksek bir yaş verir; 1-5 Myr, 4±1 Myr, 6,0+2,5,4±1 Myr, 6.0+2.5-1.0 Myr. Ayrıca protogezegen tartışmalıdır. | ||
2.085+0.096-0.071 | 0.34+0.25-0.19 MJ; çok kabarık bir Sıcak Jüpiter. | ||
2.07±0.22 | 4,4MJ; çok kabarık bir Sıcak Jüpiter | ||
2,05±0,50 | 1,19MJ; çok kabarık bir Sıcak Jüpiter | ||
2,04+0,61 -0,45 | 2 MJ | ||
(Ditsö̀) | 1.991±0.081 | 2012 yılında bilinen en büyük gezegendi. Yalnızca 0,486 MJ'lik bu Sıcak Jüpiter, 0,08 g/cm3 ile son derece düşük yoğunluğa sahiptir ve bu da onu bilinen en kabarık gezegenlerden biri yapmaktadır. Bu tahmin aynı zamanda 1,411 RJ ile 2,071 RJ arasında bir aralık verir. | |
1.99±0.18 | |||
1,980±0,045, 2.037±0.999 | 0,941 (± 0,166) MJ; çok kabarık bir Sıcak Jüpiter. Diğer tahminler 1,789±0,025 RJ verir. | ||
1.937±0.056 1.900+0.057-0.055,1.736±0.056 | Bu gezegen ana yıldızına o kadar yakın ki gelgit kuvvetleri onu yumurta şekline sokuyor. Eylül 2017 itibarıyla "asfalt kadar siyah" ve yüzeyinde parlayan ışığın %94'ünü emdiği için "zifiri siyah" sıcak Jüpiter olarak tanımlanıyor. | ||
1,926±0,094 | |||
1,91±0,11 | |||
51 Pegasi b (Dimidium/Bellerophon) | 1.9±0.3 | Bir anakol yıldızının yörüngesinde keşfedilen ilk ötegezegen. Prototip sıcak Jüpiter. | |
1.891+0.061-0.055 | Bilinen onaylanmış en sıcak ötegezegen. | ||
1.89±0.13 | |||
1,875±0,053 | |||
1,87+0,15 -0,10 | |||
1.865±0.044 | |||
1.86+0.3-0.4 | |||
1,86±0,05 | |||
1.86+0.18-0.16 | |||
1.83+0.06-0.04 | Rüzgarların saatte 18.000 km hızla hareket ettiği ve gündüz sıcaklıklarının 2.400 °C'yi (4.350 °F) aşması nedeniyle gökyüzünden erimiş demir yağmurlarının olduğu gelgit kilitli gezegen. | ||
1.827±0.29,1,85±0,49 | |||
1,82±0,08 – 3.0+0.2-0.7, | 22 Temmuz 2020'de gök bilimciler ilk kez bir yıldızın (TYC 8998-760-1) etrafında dönen birden fazla güneş dışı cismin, yaş dışında Güneş'le neredeyse aynı olan görüntülerini duyurdu.TYC 8998-760-1 yalnızca 27 milyon yıl, Güneş ise 4.500 milyon yıl yaşındadır. ve en büyük yörünge gövdesi (TYC 8998-760-1 b) 22 ± 3 MJ'dir; muhtemelen onu kahverengi bir cüce yapacaktır. | ||
1,81±0,09 | |||
(Saffar) | 1.8 | ||
Cha 110913-773444 | 1.8 | Öngezegensel bir diskle çevrelenen başıboş bir gezegen (Muhtemelen bir kahverengi-altı cüce). 0,5-10 Myr ile serbest yüzen en genç yıldız altı nesnelerden biridir. | |
1,8±0,5 | 16 MJ, muhtemelen kahverengi cüce | ||
TrES-4b | 1.799±0.063 | Bu gezegenin yoğunluğu 0,2 g/cm3 olup, balsa ağacının yoğunluğu kadardır, bu da Jüpiter'in 1,3 g/cm3 yoğunluğundan daha azdır. | |
1.792±0.069 | |||
1.78+0.17-0.16 | |||
1,771+0,060 -0,056 | |||
1.77 | |||
1.76±0.16 | |||
1.754+0.031-0.036 | |||
1.75±0.21 | |||
1.75 | 13,5 MJ, potansiyel kahverengi cüce | ||
1.743±0.047 | |||
1,74±0,20 | |||
1,74±0,36 | |||
1.735+0.07-0.075,1,741+0,069 -0,074 | |||
1,703±0,070 | |||
1.70±0.04,1,93±0,45 | |||
1,70±0,03 | |||
Yarıçapı 1,7 RJ'den küçük olan birkaç ek örnek. | |||
1,699+0,046 -0,045, 1.706+0.085-0.076 | |||
1.695+0.032-0.032,1,754+0,031 -0,036 | |||
(Pollera) | 1,67±0,15, 2.09±0.14 | ||
1.664, 1.7 | 14+2.0-3.0 MJ muhtemelen kahverengi bir cücedir. | ||
1,58±0,13, 1.72+0.06-0.05 | |||
1.53 | Herhangi bir yıldız kütlesinin yörüngesinde görünmüyor gibi görünen güneş dışı bir nesne, (bkz: haydut gezegen) | ||
HAT-P-40b (Vytis) | 1,52±0,17, 1.730±0.062 | ||
(KOI-13b) | 1,512±0,035, 2.216±0.087 | Esteves et al. ayrıca 1,512±0,035 RJ ve 2.63+.1.04-0.82RJ yarıçapını da verir. Batalha et al. 2.03 RJ. | |
1.478 | |||
1.46±0.01 | Muhtemelen kendi adını taşıyan sistemdeki en büyük ikinci nesne. | ||
1,46±0,21, 1.7+0.13-0.07 | |||
HD 209458 b | 1.35 | Boyutu belirlenen ilk ötegezegen. Adını tanınmış bir Mısır tanrısı olan 'Osiris'ten almıştır. | |
1.3 | |||
(Kepler-1b) | 1.272 | Son derece düşük geometrik albedo nedeniyle bilinen en karanlık ötegezegen. Işığın %99'unu emer. | |
1.265 | Hala tartışmalıdır. | ||
1.22 | Bilinen en büyük ötegezegenlerden biri. | ||
1.2 | |||
1.2 | |||
1.17 | |||
1.12±0.04 | 1 100 000 yıllık (yaklaşık bir megannum) en uzun yörünge periyoduna sahip dış gezegen. Yıldızından 7.506 astronomik birim (0,11869 ışık yılı) uzaklıkta bulunmaktadır. | ||
1.11 | 30 MJ'lik kütleye sahip en büyük gezegen, çoğu gezegen tanımına göre bir gezegen olamayacak kadar büyük olabilir ve onun yerine kahverengi bir cüce olabilir. | ||
1 | Bu dış gezegen, Jüpiter'in bir benzeridir; benzer yarıçapa, kütleye ve sıcaklığa sahiptir ve Güneş'e benzer bir yıldızın yörüngesinde dönmektedir. | ||
Jupiter | 1 69,911 km | Yarıçap ve kütleye göre Güneş Sistemi'ndeki en büyük gezegen. Referans amaçlı belirtilmiştir. |
Ayrıca bakınız
Not listesi
- ^ Based on the estimated temperature and luminosity.
- ^ Using PMS evolutionary models and a potential higher age of 1 Myr, the luminosity would be lower, and the planet would be smaller. However, this would require for the object to be closer as well, which is unlikely. Another distance estimate to the Orion Nebula Cluster would result in a luminosity 1.14 times lower and also a smaller radius.
- ^ 'Instead of a photo-evaporating disk it may be an evaporating gaseous globule (EGG)'. If so, it has a mass of 2 - 28 .
- ^ A calculated radius thus does not need to be the radius of the (dense) core.
Kaynakça
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- ^ a b c Fang, Min; Kim, Jinyoung Serena; Pascucci, Ilaria; Apai, Dániel; Manara, Carlo Felice (12 Aralık 2016). "A candidate planetary-mass object with a photoevaporating disk in Orion". The Astrophysical Journal. 833 (2). ss. L16. arXiv:1611.09761 $2. Bibcode:2016ApJ...833L..16F. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/833/2/L16 . ISSN 2041-8213.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz
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Asagida fiziksel boyut acisindan su ana kadar kesfedilen en buyuk otegezegenlerin yaricapa gore siralanmis bir listesi bulunmaktadir Genc yildiz HD 100546 nin etrafindaki dis tozun goruntusu HD 100546 b nin konumu turuncu bir noktayla gosterilmistir NotGunes disi nesnelerin bu listesi dergiler arasindaki tutarsizliklar bu nesneleri incelemek icin kullanilan farkli yontemler ve gunes disi gezegenleri veya bu konuda diger buyuk nesneleri kesfetme gibi zaten son derece zor bir gorev nedeniyle zaman icinde degisebilir ve degisecektir Ayrica bu nesnelerin kahverengi cuceler kahverengi alti cuceler olabilecegi ya da hic var olmadigi gercegi de var Bu nedenle bu liste yalnizca bugune kadarki en iyi olcumleri belirtmektedir ve degismeye egilimlidir Bu nesnelerin yildiz olmadigini ve evrensel hatta yildiz olceginde oldukca kucuk olduklarini unutmayin ListeBoyutlar Jupiter yaricapi birimlerinde listelenmistir 71 492 km Listelenen tum gezegenler Gunes Sistemindeki en buyuk gezegen olan Jupiter in 1 7 katindan daha buyuktur Karsilastirma amaciyla 1 7 RJ den kucuk bazi gezegenler dahil edilmistir Siniflandirma Olasi kahverengi cuceler kutle temel alinmistir Olasi kahverengi alt cuceler kutle ve konum temel alinmistir Olasi gezegenler kutle temel alinmistir Cizim Otegezegen adi Yaricap RJ NotKahverengi cuceler icin boyut siniri 87 4 0 3 8 0 1 1 Fotobuharlasan diske sahip bir haydut gezegen alt kahverengi cuce adayi Orion Bulutsusu Kumesi nde bulunur 500 000 yasinda olup bilinen en genc otegezegenlerden biridir Dis gezegen hakkinda daha fazla bilgi ve yaricapina iliskin tahminler asagida mevcuttur 3 0 0 5 4 6 1 5 3 50 1 50 1 03 3 77 21 5 MJ bu araligin en yuksek ucunda genc kahverengi cuce olarak siniflandirilabilir 2 6 0 7 2 7 0 8 2 68 14 2MJ en buyugu kahverengi cuce olarak siniflandirilir 2 43 0 18 2 55 0 22 24 5 55 Buyuk olasilikla bir kahverengi cuce 10 veya yari kahverengi cuce bunlar en az kutleye sahip serbest yuzen yildiz alti nesneler olabilir Etrafi toz ve kaya ve buz parcaciklarindan olusan yildiz cevresi bir diskle cevrilidir Yukaridaki yaricaplar gezegensel evrim teorisinin sicak Jupiterler icin ongordugunden daha buyuktur ve bu nedenle potansiyel olarak guvenilmezdir Sicak Jupiter siniri 2 2 Bir yildiza yakin sicak Jupiterler icin gelgit isinmasiyla sinirlanan ve kacak enflasyona neden olan teorik sinir2 2 0 81 0 6 17MJ muhtemelen kahverengi bir cucedir 2 09 0 23 0 32 2 72 0 39 0 34 Muhtemelen bilinen en buyuk otegezegen 1 6 2 75 2 75 RJ lik en buyuk yaricap yalnizca 1 Myr icin gecerlidir Cesitli yayinlar daha yuksek bir yas verir 1 5 Myr 4 1 Myr 6 0 2 5 4 1 Myr 6 0 2 5 1 0 Myr Ayrica protogezegen tartismalidir 2 085 0 096 0 071 0 34 0 25 0 19 MJ cok kabarik bir Sicak Jupiter 2 07 0 22 4 4MJ cok kabarik bir Sicak Jupiter2 05 0 50 1 19MJ cok kabarik bir Sicak Jupiter2 04 0 61 0 45 2 MJ Ditso 1 991 0 081 2012 yilinda bilinen en buyuk gezegendi Yalnizca 0 486 MJ lik bu Sicak Jupiter 0 08 g cm3 ile son derece dusuk yogunluga sahiptir ve bu da onu bilinen en kabarik gezegenlerden biri yapmaktadir Bu tahmin ayni zamanda 1 411 RJ ile 2 071 RJ arasinda bir aralik verir 1 99 0 181 980 0 045 2 037 0 999 0 941 0 166 MJ cok kabarik bir Sicak Jupiter Diger tahminler 1 789 0 025 RJ verir 1 937 0 056 1 900 0 057 0 055 1 736 0 056 Bu gezegen ana yildizina o kadar yakin ki gelgit kuvvetleri onu yumurta sekline sokuyor Eylul 2017 itibariyla asfalt kadar siyah ve yuzeyinde parlayan isigin 94 unu emdigi icin zifiri siyah sicak Jupiter olarak tanimlaniyor 1 926 0 0941 91 0 1151 Pegasi b Dimidium Bellerophon 1 9 0 3 Bir anakol yildizinin yorungesinde kesfedilen ilk otegezegen Prototip sicak Jupiter 1 891 0 061 0 055 Bilinen onaylanmis en sicak otegezegen 1 89 0 131 875 0 0531 87 0 15 0 101 865 0 0441 86 0 3 0 41 86 0 051 86 0 18 0 161 83 0 06 0 04 Ruzgarlarin saatte 18 000 km hizla hareket ettigi ve gunduz sicakliklarinin 2 400 C yi 4 350 F asmasi nedeniyle gokyuzunden erimis demir yagmurlarinin oldugu gelgit kilitli gezegen 1 827 0 29 1 85 0 491 82 0 08 3 0 0 2 0 7 22 Temmuz 2020 de gok bilimciler ilk kez bir yildizin TYC 8998 760 1 etrafinda donen birden fazla gunes disi cismin yas disinda Gunes le neredeyse ayni olan goruntulerini duyurdu TYC 8998 760 1 yalnizca 27 milyon yil Gunes ise 4 500 milyon yil yasindadir ve en buyuk yorunge govdesi TYC 8998 760 1 b 22 3 MJ dir muhtemelen onu kahverengi bir cuce yapacaktir 1 81 0 09 Saffar 1 8Cha 110913 773444 1 8 Ongezegensel bir diskle cevrelenen basibos bir gezegen Muhtemelen bir kahverengi alti cuce 0 5 10 Myr ile serbest yuzen en genc yildiz alti nesnelerden biridir 1 8 0 5 16 MJ muhtemelen kahverengi cuceTrES 4b 1 799 0 063 Bu gezegenin yogunlugu 0 2 g cm3 olup balsa agacinin yogunlugu kadardir bu da Jupiter in 1 3 g cm3 yogunlugundan daha azdir 1 792 0 0691 78 0 17 0 161 771 0 060 0 0561 771 76 0 161 754 0 031 0 0361 75 0 211 75 13 5 MJ potansiyel kahverengi cuce1 743 0 0471 74 0 201 74 0 361 735 0 07 0 075 1 741 0 069 0 0741 703 0 0701 70 0 04 1 93 0 451 70 0 03Yaricapi 1 7 RJ den kucuk olan birkac ek ornek 1 699 0 046 0 045 1 706 0 085 0 0761 695 0 032 0 032 1 754 0 031 0 036 Pollera 1 67 0 15 2 09 0 141 664 1 7 14 2 0 3 0 MJ muhtemelen kahverengi bir cucedir 1 58 0 13 1 72 0 06 0 051 53 Herhangi bir yildiz kutlesinin yorungesinde gorunmuyor gibi gorunen gunes disi bir nesne bkz haydut gezegen HAT P 40b Vytis 1 52 0 17 1 730 0 062 KOI 13b 1 512 0 035 2 216 0 087 Esteves et al ayrica 1 512 0 035 RJ ve 2 63 1 04 0 82RJ yaricapini da verir Batalha et al 2 03 RJ 1 4781 46 0 01 Muhtemelen kendi adini tasiyan sistemdeki en buyuk ikinci nesne 1 46 0 21 1 7 0 13 0 07HD 209458 b 1 35 Boyutu belirlenen ilk otegezegen Adini taninmis bir Misir tanrisi olan Osiris ten almistir 1 3 Kepler 1b 1 272 Son derece dusuk geometrik albedo nedeniyle bilinen en karanlik otegezegen Isigin 99 unu emer 1 265 Hala tartismalidir 1 22 Bilinen en buyuk otegezegenlerden biri 1 21 21 171 12 0 04 1 100 000 yillik yaklasik bir megannum en uzun yorunge periyoduna sahip dis gezegen Yildizindan 7 506 astronomik birim 0 11869 isik yili uzaklikta bulunmaktadir 1 11 30 MJ lik kutleye sahip en buyuk gezegen cogu gezegen tanimina gore bir gezegen olamayacak kadar buyuk olabilir ve onun yerine kahverengi bir cuce olabilir 1 Bu dis gezegen Jupiter in bir benzeridir benzer yaricapa kutleye ve sicakliga sahiptir ve Gunes e benzer bir yildizin yorungesinde donmektedir Jupiter 1 69 911 km Yaricap ve kutleye gore Gunes Sistemi ndeki en buyuk gezegen Referans amacli belirtilmistir Ayrica bakinizEn buyuk kozmik yapilar listesi En buyuk galaksiler listesi En buyuk nebulalar listesi Buyuk yildizlar listesi Astronomik cisimler listeleri Buyuk kutleli yildizlar listesiNot listesi Based on the estimated temperature and luminosity Using PMS evolutionary models and a potential higher age of 1 Myr the luminosity would be lower and the planet would be smaller However this would require for the object to be closer as well which is unlikely Another distance estimate to the Orion Nebula 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