Jim Bridwell (d. 29 Temmuz 1944 –ö. 16 Şubat 2018),Amerikalı dağ kaya tırmanıcısı ve yazardır. Özellikle 1965'ten bu yana Yosemite Vadisi'nde ve aktif olarak Patagonya ile Alaska'da tırmanışlar yapmıştır. Hem özgür dağ ve büyük kaya tırmanışlarındaki standartların ötesindeki hareketleriyle dikkat çekmiştir. Önde gelen spor yayınları için tırmanış hakkında sayısız yazı yazmıştır. Bridwell, Yosemite Vadisi'nde 100'den fazla tırmanış yapmış ayrıca bunun yanı sıra, 26 Mayıs 1975'te El Capitan Burnu'na John Long ve Billy Westbay ile ilk tırmanışı gerçekleştirmiştir. . Yosemite Ulusal Parkı'nın Arama ve Kurtarma Ekibini (YOSAR) kurdu ve Arama Kurtarma operasyonları için ders kitabı haline gelen birçok kurtarmaya öncülük etti. Değişen tırmanma tekniklerinde lider kişi olarak bakır kafa kaskları ve kuş gagalarıda dahil olmak üzere yaygın olarak kullanılan ve kopyalanmış tırmanma dişlilerinin yenilikçisi/mucidi idi.
Jim Bridwell | |
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![]() Bridwell 2003'te | |
Doğum | 29 Temmuz 1944 ABD. |
Ölüm | 16 Şubat 2018 (73 yaşında) Palm Springs, Kaliforniya, ABD. |
Meslek | Dağ kaya tırmanıcısı ve yazar. |
![image](https://www.wikipedia.tr-tr.nina.az/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2lraXBlZGlhLnRyLXRyLm5pbmEuYXovaW1hZ2UvYUhSMGNITTZMeTkxY0d4dllXUXVkMmxyYVcxbFpHbGhMbTl5Wnk5M2FXdHBjR1ZrYVdFdlkyOXRiVzl1Y3k5MGFIVnRZaTh3THpCakwxTjBiMjVsWDAxaGMzUmxjbk5mYVc1ZlpuSnZiblJmYjJaZlJXeGZRMkZ3YVhSaGJpNXFjR2N2TWpJd2NIZ3RVM1J2Ym1WZlRXRnpkR1Z5YzE5cGJsOW1jbTl1ZEY5dlpsOUZiRjlEWVhCcGRHRnVMbXB3Wnc9PS5qcGc=.jpg)
![image](https://www.wikipedia.tr-tr.nina.az/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2lraXBlZGlhLnRyLXRyLm5pbmEuYXovaW1hZ2UvYUhSMGNITTZMeTkxY0d4dllXUXVkMmxyYVcxbFpHbGhMbTl5Wnk5M2FXdHBjR1ZrYVdFdlkyOXRiVzl1Y3k5MGFIVnRZaTgyTHpZd0wwcHBiVjlDY21sa2QyVnNiQ1V5UTE5VFlXeDBYMHhoYTJWZlZISmhaR1ZmYzJodmR5VXlRMTloWW05MWRGOHhPVGt3TG1wd1p5OHlNakJ3ZUMxS2FXMWZRbkpwWkhkbGJHd2xNa05mVTJGc2RGOU1ZV3RsWDFSeVlXUmxYM05vYjNjbE1rTmZZV0p2ZFhSZk1UazVNQzVxY0djPS5qcGc=.jpg)
Jim, Hepatit C'nin komplikasyonlarından 16 Şubat 2018'de ölümüne kadar Kaliforniya, Palm Desert'de ikamet ediyordu.
Tırmanış çalışmaları
- 1965 Entrance Exam (II 5.9), Arch Rock, Yosemite, CA, USA with Chuck Pratt, Chris Fredericks and Larry Marshik
- 1966 Braille Book (III 5.8), Higher Cathedral Rock, Yosemite, CA, USA with Chris Fredericks, Joe Faint and Brian Berry.
- 1967 East Face (VI 5.9 A4), Higher Cathedral Rock, Yosemite, CA, USA with Chris Fredericks
- 1967 South Central (V 5.10a A2), Washington Column, Yosemite, CA, USA with Joe Faint
- 1969 Triple Direct (VI 5.9 A2), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Kim Schmitz
- 1971 Aquarian Wall (VI 5.9 A4), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Kim Schmitz
- 1971 New Dimensions (5.11 A1), Arch Rock, Yosemite, CA, USA with Mark Klemens
- 1971 Nabisco Wall, The Cookie, Yosemite, CA, USA
- 1970 Vain Hope (V 5.7 A3), Ribbon Falls, Yosemite, CA, USA with and Kim Schmitz
- 1973 Central Pillar of Frenzy, Middle Cathedral Rock, Yosemite, CA, USA with Roger Breedlove and Ed Barry
- 1974 Freestone, Geek Towers, Yosemite Falls, Yosemite, CA, USA
- 1975 Wailing Wall, , CA, USA with Dale Bard and Rick Accomozo
- 1975 Pacific Ocean Wall (VI 5.9 A4), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Bill Westbay, Jay Fiske and Fred East
- 1976 Gold Ribbon (VI 5.10 A3), Ribbon Falls, Yosemite, CA, USA with Mike Graham
- 1977 Bushido (VI 5.10 A4), Half Dome, Yosemite, CA, USA with Dale Bard
- 1978 Sea of Dreams (VI 5.9 A5), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Dale Bard and Dave Diegelman
- 1978 Zenith (VI 5.9 A4), Half Dome, Yosemite, CA, USA with Kim Schmitz
- 1979 Southeast Ridge of Cerro Torre, , Argentina with Steven Brewer (first alpine-style ascent of the peak)
- 1979 Northwest Face, "The Ship Prow" , Alaska Range, USA with Andy Embick
- 1981 Zenyatta Mondatta (VI 5.9 A5), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Peter Mayfield and Charlie Row
- 1981 Dance of the Woo Li Masters, East Face of , Ruth Gorge, Alaska, USA (VI 5.9 WI4+ A4, 1520m) with
- 1982 South Face, "Sapphire Bullets of Pure Love" Pumori, Nepal with Jan Reynolds and Ned Gillette
- 1987 The Big Chill, Half Dome, Yosemite, CA, USA with Peter Mayfield, Sean Plunkett and Steve Bosque
- 1989 Shadows (VI 5.10 A5), Half Dome, Yosemite, CA, USA with Charles Row, Cito Kirkpatrick, William Westbay
- 1997 Wyoming Sheep Ranch (VI 5.9 A5), (repeat) El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Giovanni Groaz
- 1998 Heavy Metal and Tinker Toys (VI 5.9 A5), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Boulos Ayad and Tyson Hausoeffer
- 1998 Plastic Surgery Disaster (VI 5.8 A5), (repeat) El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Mark Bowling and Giovanni Groaz
- 1999 The Useless Emotion (VII 5.9 WI4 A4), The Bear's Tooth, , Alaska, USA with Terry Christensen, Glenn Dunmire, Brian Jonas and May 3–21, 1999
- 1999 Odyssey, (VI 5.9 A5), Mont Blanc (French Alps), with Giovanni Groaz
- 1999 Dark Star (VI 5.10 A5), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Giovanni Groaz
- 2001 The Beast Pillar, (V11 5.10b WI4+ A5) , Buckskin Glacier, Alaska, USA with Spencer Pfinsten
- 2001 Welcome to Afghanistan (VI 5.9 A4), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Giovanni Groaz
- 2002 Pointless Connection (VI 5.9 A4+), Yosemite Pointless, Yosemite, CA, USA with Giovanni Groaz
- 2004 Old Guides Variation (VI 5.8 A3), El Capitan, Yosemite, CA, USA with Jackson Marsten and Giovanni Groaz
Yayınladığı eserleri
- Bridwell, Jim. "Brave New World". Mountain, 1973. Birleşik Krallık: Ken Wilson.
- Bridwell, Jim; Michael Strassman (1990). Climbing Big Walls. Merrillville, IN USA: ICS Books. ISBN .
- Bridwell, Jim; Dougald MacDonald (1999). Largo's Apprenticeship in The Best of Rock & Ice: An Anthology. Seattle WA, USA: The Mountaineers Books. ss. 102-105. ISBN .
- Bridwell, Jim (1992). Climbing Adventures: A Climber's Passion. ICS Books. ISBN .
- Bridwell, Jim (2000). "The Bear's Tooth: Teaching the new dogs old tricks". American Alpine Journal. 42 (74). New York, NY: American Alpine Club. ss. 37-45. ISBN .
- Bridwell, Jim (27 Kasım 2006). . Alpinist. 18 (Winter 2006–2007). Jackson WY USA: Alpinist Magazine. 29 Ağustos 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Şubat 2008.
- Bridwell, Jim (2008). "Giovanni Groaz". The Bird. Translated by Michele Radici. Milan, Italy: Versante Sud s. n. c. s. 303. ISBN .
Ayrıca bakınız
Kaynakça
- ^ Long, John (2000). Long on Adventure. Falcon Publishing, Inc. ss. 83-91. ISBN .
- ^ Raleigh, Duane, "Jim Bridwell, Founder of YOSAR and Big-Wall Godfather, Dead at 73," , Carbondale, Colorado, published on February 16, 2018. [1] 17 Şubat 2018 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- ^ a b Roper (1971).
- ^ Roper (1971), pp. 244.
- ^ Reid (1993), pp. 203.
- ^ a b c Reid (1993), pp. 202.
- ^ a b c Reid (1993), pp. 201.
- ^ Roper (1971), pp. 44.
- ^ Kroese, Mark (2001). Fifty Favorite Climbs: The Ultimate North American Tick List. Seattle, Washington, USA: The Mountaineers Books. ISBN .
- ^ a b Reid (1993), pp. 205.
- ^ a b Bridwell, Jim (1979). The American Alpine Journal. New York, NY, USA.: American Alpine Club. ISBN .
- ^ a b Reid (1993).
- ^ Beckwith, Christian (1 Eylül 2004). . Alpinist, 8. Alpinist Magazine. 3 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mayıs 2009.
- ^ Bridwell, Jim (1991). "Shadows – Half Dome". American Alpine Journal. 33 (65). New York, NY: American Alpine Club. ss. 118-123. ISBN .
- ^ Bridwell, Jim (2000). "The Bear's Tooth: Teaching the new dogs old tricks". American Alpine Journal. 42 (74). New York, NY: American Alpine Club. ss. 37-45. ISBN .
- ^ Drozdz, Piotr. "Climb and More dot com Climbers – Jim Bridwell". 10 Haziran 2017 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2008.
Dış bağlantılar
- ClimbAndMore.com10 Haziran 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
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Jim Bridwell d 29 Temmuz 1944 o 16 Subat 2018 Amerikali dag kaya tirmanicisi ve yazardir Ozellikle 1965 ten bu yana Yosemite Vadisi nde ve aktif olarak Patagonya ile Alaska da tirmanislar yapmistir Hem ozgur dag ve buyuk kaya tirmanislarindaki standartlarin otesindeki hareketleriyle dikkat cekmistir Onde gelen spor yayinlari icin tirmanis hakkinda sayisiz yazi yazmistir Bridwell Yosemite Vadisi nde 100 den fazla tirmanis yapmis ayrica bunun yani sira 26 Mayis 1975 te El Capitan Burnu na John Long ve Billy Westbay ile ilk tirmanisi gerceklestirmistir Yosemite Ulusal Parki nin Arama ve Kurtarma Ekibini YOSAR kurdu ve Arama Kurtarma operasyonlari icin ders kitabi haline gelen bircok kurtarmaya onculuk etti Degisen tirmanma tekniklerinde lider kisi olarak bakir kafa kasklari ve kus gagalarida dahil olmak uzere yaygin olarak kullanilan ve kopyalanmis tirmanma dislilerinin yenilikcisi mucidi idi Jim BridwellBridwell 2003 teDogum29 Temmuz 1944 1944 07 29 ABD Olum16 Subat 2018 73 yasinda Palm Springs Kaliforniya ABD MeslekDag kaya tirmanicisi ve yazar Billy Westbay Jim Bridwell ortada ve John Long 1975 teki El Capitan tirmanisindaJim Bridwell Salt Lake City sehrinde 1990 larda Jim Hepatit C nin komplikasyonlarindan 16 Subat 2018 de olumune kadar Kaliforniya Palm Desert de ikamet ediyordu Tirmanis calismalari1965 Entrance Exam II 5 9 Arch Rock Yosemite CA USA with Chuck Pratt Chris Fredericks and Larry Marshik 1966 Braille Book III 5 8 Higher Cathedral Rock Yosemite CA USA with Chris Fredericks Joe Faint and Brian Berry 1967 East Face VI 5 9 A4 Higher Cathedral Rock Yosemite CA USA with Chris Fredericks 1967 South Central V 5 10a A2 Washington Column Yosemite CA USA with Joe Faint 1969 Triple Direct VI 5 9 A2 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Kim Schmitz 1971 Aquarian Wall VI 5 9 A4 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Kim Schmitz 1971 New Dimensions 5 11 A1 Arch Rock Yosemite CA USA with Mark Klemens 1971 Nabisco Wall The Cookie Yosemite CA USA 1970 Vain Hope V 5 7 A3 Ribbon Falls Yosemite CA USA with and Kim Schmitz 1973 Central Pillar of Frenzy Middle Cathedral Rock Yosemite CA USA with Roger Breedlove and Ed Barry 1974 Freestone Geek Towers Yosemite Falls Yosemite CA USA 1975 Wailing Wall CA USA with Dale Bard and Rick Accomozo 1975 Pacific Ocean Wall VI 5 9 A4 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Bill Westbay Jay Fiske and Fred East 1976 Gold Ribbon VI 5 10 A3 Ribbon Falls Yosemite CA USA with Mike Graham 1977 Bushido VI 5 10 A4 Half Dome Yosemite CA USA with Dale Bard 1978 Sea of Dreams VI 5 9 A5 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Dale Bard and Dave Diegelman 1978 Zenith VI 5 9 A4 Half Dome Yosemite CA USA with Kim Schmitz 1979 Southeast Ridge of Cerro Torre Argentina with Steven Brewer first alpine style ascent of the peak 1979 Northwest Face The Ship Prow Alaska Range USA with Andy Embick 1981 Zenyatta Mondatta VI 5 9 A5 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Peter Mayfield and Charlie Row 1981 Dance of the Woo Li Masters East Face of Ruth Gorge Alaska USA VI 5 9 WI4 A4 1520m with 1982 South Face Sapphire Bullets of Pure Love Pumori Nepal with Jan Reynolds and Ned Gillette 1987 The Big Chill Half Dome Yosemite CA USA with Peter Mayfield Sean Plunkett and Steve Bosque 1989 Shadows VI 5 10 A5 Half Dome Yosemite CA USA with Charles Row Cito Kirkpatrick William Westbay 1997 Wyoming Sheep Ranch VI 5 9 A5 repeat El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Giovanni Groaz 1998 Heavy Metal and Tinker Toys VI 5 9 A5 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Boulos Ayad and Tyson Hausoeffer 1998 Plastic Surgery Disaster VI 5 8 A5 repeat El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Mark Bowling and Giovanni Groaz 1999 The Useless Emotion VII 5 9 WI4 A4 The Bear s Tooth Alaska USA with Terry Christensen Glenn Dunmire Brian Jonas and May 3 21 1999 1999 Odyssey VI 5 9 A5 Mont Blanc French Alps with Giovanni Groaz 1999 Dark Star VI 5 10 A5 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Giovanni Groaz 2001 The Beast Pillar V11 5 10b WI4 A5 Buckskin Glacier Alaska USA with Spencer Pfinsten 2001 Welcome to Afghanistan VI 5 9 A4 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Giovanni Groaz 2002 Pointless Connection VI 5 9 A4 Yosemite Pointless Yosemite CA USA with Giovanni Groaz 2004 Old Guides Variation VI 5 8 A3 El Capitan Yosemite CA USA with Jackson Marsten and Giovanni GroazYayinladigi eserleriBridwell Jim Brave New World Mountain 1973 Birlesik Krallik Ken Wilson Bridwell Jim Michael Strassman 1990 Climbing Big Walls Merrillville IN USA ICS Books ISBN 0 934802 59 9 Bridwell Jim Dougald MacDonald 1999 Largo s Apprenticeship in The Best of Rock amp Ice An Anthology Seattle WA USA The Mountaineers Books ss 102 105 ISBN 0 89886 665 0 Bridwell Jim 1992 Climbing Adventures A Climber s Passion ICS Books ISBN 978 0934802222 Bridwell Jim 2000 The Bear s Tooth Teaching the new dogs old tricks American Alpine Journal 42 74 New York NY American Alpine Club ss 37 45 ISBN 978 0 930410 87 2 Bridwell Jim 27 Kasim 2006 Alpinist 18 Winter 2006 2007 Jackson WY USA Alpinist Magazine 29 Agustos 2008 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 9 Subat 2008 Bridwell Jim 2008 Giovanni Groaz The Bird Translated by Michele Radici Milan Italy Versante Sud s n c s 303 ISBN 978 88 87890 76 1 Ayrica bakinizRoper Steve 1971 Climber s Guide to Yosemite Valley San Francisco CA USA ISBN 978 0 87156 048 3 Reid Don 1993 Yosemite Climbs Big Walls Evergreen Colorado USA Chockstone Press Press ISBN 0 934641 54 4 Kaynakca Long John 2000 Long on Adventure Falcon Publishing Inc ss 83 91 ISBN 978 1 56044 985 0 Raleigh Duane Jim Bridwell Founder of YOSAR and Big Wall Godfather Dead at 73 Carbondale Colorado published on February 16 2018 1 17 Subat 2018 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde a b Roper 1971 Roper 1971 pp 244 Reid 1993 pp 203 a b c Reid 1993 pp 202 a b c Reid 1993 pp 201 Roper 1971 pp 44 Kroese Mark 2001 Fifty Favorite Climbs The Ultimate North American Tick List Seattle Washington USA The Mountaineers Books ISBN 0 89886 728 2 a b Reid 1993 pp 205 a b Bridwell Jim 1979 The American Alpine Journal New York NY USA American Alpine Club ISBN 978 0 930410 76 6 a b Reid 1993 Beckwith Christian 1 Eylul 2004 Alpinist 8 Alpinist Magazine 3 Aralik 2008 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 29 Mayis 2009 Bridwell Jim 1991 Shadows Half Dome American Alpine Journal 33 65 New York NY American Alpine Club ss 118 123 ISBN 0 930410 46 7 Bridwell Jim 2000 The Bear s Tooth Teaching the new dogs old tricks American Alpine Journal 42 74 New York NY American Alpine Club ss 37 45 ISBN 978 0 930410 87 2 Drozdz Piotr Climb and More dot com Climbers Jim Bridwell 10 Haziran 2017 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 3 Subat 2008 Dis baglantilarClimbAndMore com10 Haziran 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde