Koşucu kuşlar (Palaeognathae), Gondvana kökenli Afrika, Güney Amerika, Yeni Gine, Avustralya ve 'da dağılmış kuş türlerinden oluşan bir kladdır. Deve kuşları, nandular, kiviler, tepeli devekuşları, emular ve tinamular gibi 50'den fazla yaşayan türü içerir. Neognathae grubu ile birlikte modern kuşların iki ana kladını oluşturur. Listede soyu tükenmiş türler için Mikko's Phylogeny Archive, Paleofile.com ve Brodkob kaynakları kullanılmıştır.
Filogenetik
John Boyd'un çalışmasından oluşturulmuş filogeni haritası
Paleognathae |
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Türler
Takım Struthioniformes
- Familya Struthionidae Vigors 1825 (deve kuşları)
- Cins †Orientornis Wang 2008
- †Orientornis linxiaensis (Hou et al. 2005) Wang 2008
- ?Cins †Palaeotis Lambrecht 1928
- †Palaeotis wiegelti Lambrecht 1928
- ?Cins †Remiornis Lemoine, 1881
- †Remiornis heberti Lemoine, 1881
- 'Cins Pachystruthio'
- †Pachystruthio dmanisensis Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1990 (dev deve kuşu)
- † Kretzoi 1954
- †Pachystruthio transcaucasicus Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1971
- 'Cins Struthio'
- ?†Struthio anderssoni Lowe 1931 [ootaxa]
- ?†Struthio barbarus Arambourg 1979
- †Struthio asiaticus Brodkorb 1863 [Milne-Edwards 1871] (Asya deve kuşu)
- †Struthio chersonensis (Brandt 1873) Lambrecht 1921
- †Struthio coppensi Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1996
- ?†Struthio daberasensis Pickford, Senut & Dauphin 1995
- ?† Bonaparte
- ?†Struthio kakesiensis Harrison & Msuya 2005 [ootaxa]
- ?†Struthio karingarabensis Senut, Dauphin & Pickford 1998 [ootaxa]
- †Struthio oldawayi Lowe 1933
- †Struthio wimani Lowe 1931
- Struthio molybdophanes Reichenow 1883 (Somali deve kuşu)
- Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758 (Bayağı deve kuşu)
- †S. c. syriacus Rothschild 1919 (Arabistan deve kuşu) EX 1966
- S. c. camelus Linnaeus 1758 (Kuzey Afrika deve kuşu)
- S. c. australis (Gurney 1868) (Güney Afrika deve kuşu)
- S. c. massaicus (Neumann 1898) (Masai deve kuşu)
- Cins †Orientornis Wang 2008
Takım Rheiformes
- Familya † Ameghino 1895
- Cins † Ameghino 1895
- † Agnolin & Chafrat 2015
- † Ameghino 1895
- † Noriega et al. 2017
- Cins † Ameghino 1895
- Familya Rheidae Bonaparte 1853 (Nandular)
- Cins † Rovereto 1914
- †Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto 1914
- Cins † Tambussi 1995
- †Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi 1995
- Cins † Moreno & Mercerat 1891
- † Moreno & Mercerat 1891
- Cins Brisson 1760
- ?† (Ameghino & Rusconi 1932)
- ?† Moreno & Mercerat 1891
- ?† (Agnolín & Noriega 2012)
- ?† Moreno & Mercerat 1891
- Rhea americana (Linnaeus 1758) Brisson 1760 (bayağı nandu)
- R. a. americana (Linnaeus 1758) (Amerika nandusu)
- R. a. intermedia Rothschild & Chubb 1914
- R. a. albescens (Lynch & Holmberg 1878) (Arjantin nandusu)
- R. a. nobilis Brodkorb 1939
- R. a. araneipes Brodkorb 1938
- Rhea pennata d'Orbigny 1834 (Darwin nandusu)
- R. p. pennata d'Orbigny 1834
- R. p. garleppi (Chubb 1913)
- R. p. tarapacensis (Chubb 1913)
- Cins † Rovereto 1914
Takım Casuariiformes
- Familya Casuariidae Kaup 1847 (tepeli deve kuşları & emular)
- Cins Casuarius Brisson 1760
- Gould 1857 (cüce tepeli deve kuşu)
- Gould 1857
- (Sclater 1874)
- Casuarius casuarius (Linnaeus 1758) Brisson 1760 (güney tepeli deve kuşu)
- †Casuarius lydekkeri Rothschild 1911 (Pygmy tepeli deve kuşu)
- Blyth 1860 (Kuzey tepeli deve kuşu)
- Gould 1857 (cüce tepeli deve kuşu)
- Cins † de Alvarenga 1983
- †Diogenornis fragilis de Alvarenga 1983
- Cins †Emuarius Boles 1992 (Emu-tepeli deve kuşu)
- †Emuarius guljaruba Boles 2001
- †Emuarius gidju (Patterson & Rich 1987) Boles 1992
- Cins Dromaius Vieillot 1816 (emular)
- Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham 1790) Vieillot 1816
- D. n. novaehollandiae (Latham 1790) Vieillot 1816 (anakara emusu)
- †D. n. baudinianus Parker 1984 (Kanguru adası emusı)
- †D. n. diemenensis (Jennings 1827) Le Souef 1907 (Tazmanya emusu)
- †D. n. minor Spencer 1906 (Kral adası emusu)
- † (Miller 1963)
- † (Yates & Worthy 2019)
- Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham 1790) Vieillot 1816
- Cins Casuarius Brisson 1760
Takım Apterygiformes
- Familya Apterygidae Gray 1840 (kiviler)
- Cins † Worthy et al. 2013
- †Proapteryx micromeros Worthy et al. 2013
- Cins Apteryx Shaw 1813
- Shaw 1813 (tokoeka)
- A. a. lawryi (Rothschild 1893) (Stewart adası tokoeka)
- A. a. australis Shaw 1813 (Fiordland/Haast tokoeka)
- Apteryx haastii Potts 1872 (Büyük benekli kivi)
- Bartlett 1852 (Kuzey Adası kahve rengi kivisi)
- Gould 1847 (küçük benekli kivi)
- †A. o. iredelai (Mathews 1935) (Kuzey Adası küçük benekli kivi)
- A. o. owenii Gould 1847 (Güney Adası küçük benekli kivi)
- Tennyson et al. 2003 (Ōkārito)
- Shaw 1813 (tokoeka)
- Cins † Worthy et al. 2013
Takım †Aepyornithiformes
- Familya † Bonaparte 1853 (Fil kuşları)
- Cins † St. Hilaire 1850
- † Monnier 1913 (zayıf fil kuşu)
- † Burckhardt 1893 (Hildebrandt fil kuşu)
- † St. Hilaire 1851
- † Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1866 (ortanca/büyük fil kuşu)
- Cins † Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1894
- † Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1894 (agile/coastal fil kuşu)
- † Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1894 (Betsile fil kuşu)
- ?† Lamberton 1934
- † Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1894 (iri fil kuşu)
- Cins † (Andrews 1894) Hansford and Turvey 2018
- †Vorombe titan Hansford and Turvey 2018
- Cins † St. Hilaire 1850
Takım †Dinornithiformes
- Familya †Dinornithidae Owen 1843
- Cins †Dinornis Owen 1843 (dev moalar)
- †Dinornis novaezealandiae Owen 1843 (Kuzey Adası dev moası)
- †Dinornis robustus (Owen 1846) Bunce et al. 2003 (Güney Adası dev moası)
- Cins †Dinornis Owen 1843 (dev moalar)
- Familya †
- Cins † Haast 1886
- †Megalapteryx didinus (Owen 1883) Haast 1886 (yayla moası)
- Cins † Haast 1886
- Familya †Emeidae Bonaparte 1854 (lesser moas)
- Cins † Reichenbach 1853
- †Anomalopteryx didiformis (Owen 1844) Reichenbach 1853 (çalı moası)
- Cins † Reichenbach 1853
- † (Owen 1846) Reichenbach 1853 non Parker 1895 (doğulu moa)
- Cins † Haast 1874 (geniş gagalı moalar)
- †Euryapteryx curtus (Owen 1846)
- †Euryapteryx gravis (Owen 1870) Haast 1874 (sahil moası)
- Cins †Pachyornis Lydekker 1891 (stout moas)
- † Oliver 1949 (tepeli moa)
- † (Owen 1856) Lydekker 1891 non Cracraft 1976 (ağır ayaklı moa)
- † (Owen 1848) Worthy 2005 (Mantell moası)
- Cins † Reichenbach 1853
Takım †
- Familya † Houde 1988 (sahte tinamular)
- Cins † Nesbitt & Clarke 2016
- †Calciavis grandei Nesbitt & Clarke 2016
- Cins † Mayr 2007
- †Fissuravis weigelti Mayr 2007
- Cins † Owen 1840
- †Lithornis celetius Houde 1988
- †Lithornis hookeri Harrison 1984
- †Lithornis nasi Harrison 1984
- †Lithornis plebius Houde 1988
- † Houde 1988
- † Owen 1840
- Cins † Harrison 1979
- †Paracathartes howardae Harrison 1979
- Cins † Houde 1988
- †Pseudocrypturus cercanaxius Houde 1988
- Cins † Nesbitt & Clarke 2016
Takım Tinamiformes
- Familya Tinamidae Gray 1840 (tinamular)
- Cins † Brodkorb 1961
- Cins † Rusconi 1958
- † Rusconi 1958
- SubFamilya (forest tinamular)
- Cins Crypturellus Brabourne & Chubb 1914 (kahverengi tinamular)
- † Chandler 2012
- (Tschudi 1844)
- C. a. atrocapillus (Tschudi 1844)
- C. a. garleppi (von Berlepsch 1892)
- (Sclater & Salvin 1873) (Bartlett tinamusu)
- (Rothschild 1897) (Berlepsch tinamusu)
- (Sclater 1860)
- C. b. boucardi (Sclater 1860)
- C. b. costaricensis (Dwight & Griscom 1924)
- (Pelzeln 1863)
- (Chapman 1929)
- (Gmelin 1789)
- (Lesson 1842)
- C. c. occidentalis (Salvadori 1895)
- C. c. cinnamomeus (Lesson 1842)
- C. c. delatrii (Bonaparte 1854)
- C. c. goldmani (Nelson 1901)
- C. c. mexicanus (Salvadori 1895)
- C. c. praepes (Bangs & Peters 1927)
- C. c. sallaei (Bonaparte 1856)
- C. c. soconuscensis Brodkorb 1939
- C. c. vicinior Conover 1933
- Zimmer 1938
- (Pelzeln 1863)
- C. e. columbianus (Salvadori 1895)
- C. e. cursitans Wetmore & Phelps 1946
- C. e. erythropus (Pelzeln 1863)
- C. e. idoneus (Todd 1919)
- C. e. margaritae Phelps & Phelps 1948
- †C. e. saltuarius Wetmore 1950
- C. e. spencei (Brabourne & Chubb 1914)
- (Chapman 1915)
- (zu Wied-Neuwied 1820)
- C. n. zabele (von Spix 1825)
- C. n. noctivagus (zu Wied-Neuwied 1820)
- (Temminck 1815) (kahverengi tinamu)
- C. o. castaneus (Sclater 1858)
- C. o. cerviniventris (Sclater & Salvin 1873)
- C. o. griseiventris (Salvadori 1895)
- C. o. hypochrceus (Miranda-Ribeiro 1938)
- C. o. knoxi Phelps 1976
- C. o. obsoletus (Temminck 1815)
- C. o. ochraceiventris (Stolzmann 1926)
- C. o. punensis (Chubb 1917)
- C. o. traylori Blake 1961
- (Wagler 1827)
- Zimmer & Phelps 1945
- (Hermann 1783)
- C. s. albigularis (Brabourne & Chubb 1914)
- C. s. andrei (Brabourne & Chubb 1914)
- C. s. capnodes Wetmore 1963
- C. s. caquetae (Chapman 1915)
- C. s. caucae (Chapman 1912)
- C. s. harterti (Brabourne & Chubb 1914)
- C. s. inconspicuus Carriker 1935
- C. s. meserythrus (Sclater 1860)
- C. s. modestus (Cabanis 1869)
- C. s. mustelinus (Bangs 1905)
- C. s. nigriceps (Chapman 1923)
- C. s. panamensis (Carriker 1910)
- C. s. poliocephalu (Aldrich 1937)
- C. s. soui (Hermann 1783)
- (Temminck 1815)
- (Temminck 1815)
- C. t. inops Bangs & Noble 1918
- C. t. lepidotus (Swainson 1837)
- C. t. peruvianus (Cory 1915)
- C. t. tataupa (Temminck 1815)
- (Sclater & Salvin 1878)
- (Temminck 1815)
- C. u. adspersus (Temminck 1815)
- C. u. manapiare Phelps & Phelps 1952
- C. u. simplex (Salvadori 1895)
- C. u. undulatus (Temminck 1815)
- C. u. vermiculatus (Temminck 1825)
- C. u. yaputa (von Spix 1825)
- (Gmelin 1789)
- Cins Tinamus Hermann 1783
- Pelzeln 1863
- (Gmelin 1789)
- T. m. brunneiventris Aldrich 1937
- T. m. castaneiceps Salvadori 1895
- T. m. fuscipennis Salvadori 1895
- T. m. latifrons Salvadori 1895
- T. m. major (Gmelin 1789)
- T. m. olivascens Conover 1937
- T. m. percautus van Tyne 1935
- T. m. peruvianus Bonaparte 1856
- T. m. robustus Sclater & Salvin 1868
- T. m. saturatus Griscom 1929
- T. m. serratus (von Spix 1825)
- T. m. zuliensis Osgood & Conover 1922
- Conover 1949 (siyah tinamu)
- T. o. hershkovitzi Blake 1953
- T. o. osgoodi Conover 1949
- (Vieillot 1819) (solitary tinamu)
- Tinamus tao Temminck 1815 (tao)
- T. t. kleei (Tschudi 1843)
- T. t. larensis Phelps & Phelps 1949
- T. t. septentrionalis Brabourne & Chubb 1913
- T. t. tao Temminck 1815
- Cins Nothocercus Bonaparte 1846
- (Gray 1867)
- N. b. frantzii subspecies-group
- N. b. frantzii (Lawrence 1868)
- N. b. bonapartei subspecies-group
- N. b. bonapartei (Gray 1867)
- N. b. discrepans Friedmann 1947
- N. b. intercedens Salvadori 1895
- N. b. plumbeiceps Lonnberg & Rendahl 1922
- N. b. frantzii subspecies-group
- (Bonaparte 1854)
- (Gray 1867)
- N. n. cadwaladeri Carriker 1933
- N. n. nigrocapillus (Gray 1867)
- (Gray 1867)
- Cins Crypturellus Brabourne & Chubb 1914 (kahverengi tinamular)
- Alt-Familya
- Cins Eudromia Saint-Hilaire 1832
- † (Rovereto 1914)
- † Tambussi & Tonni 1985
- Saint-Hilaire 1832
- E. e. albida (Wetmore 1921)
- E. e. devia Conover 1950
- E. e. elegans Saint-Hilaire 1832
- E. e. intermedia (Dabbene & Lillo 1913)
- E. e. magnistriata Olrog 1959
- E. e. multiguttata Conover 1950
- E. e. numida Banks 1977
- E. e. patagonica Conover 1950
- E. e. riojana Olrog 1959
- E. e. wetmorei Banks 1977
- (Lillo 1905)
- E. f. formosa (Lillo 1905)
- E. f. mira Brodkorb 1938
- Cins Nothoprocta Sclater & Salvin 1873
- (Burmeister 1860)
- N. c. cinerascens (Burmeister 1860)
- N. c. parvimaculata Olrog 1959
- Sclater & Salvin 1873
- N. c. curvirostris Sclater & Salvin 1873
- N. c. peruviana Taczanowski 1886
- (Gray 1867)
- N. o. branickii Taczanowski 1875
- N. o. ornata (Gray 1867)
- N. o. rostrata von Berlepsch 1907
- (Gray 1867)
- N. p. ambigua Cory 1915
- N. p. doeringi Schulz ex Cabanis 1878
- N. p. fulvescens Berlepsch 1902
- N. p. mendozae Banks & Bohl 1968
- N. p. niethammeri Koepcke 1968
- N. p. oustaleti von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1901
- N. p. pentlandii (Gray 1867)
- (Kittlitz 1830)
- N. p. perdicaria (Kittlitz 1830)
- N. p. sanborni Conover 1924
- Sclater & Salvin 1875
- (Burmeister 1860)
- Cins Nothura Wagler 1827 (nothuras)
- † Mercerat 1897
- † (Rovereto) Tambussi 1989
- (von Spix 1825)
- (Conover 1937)
- Gray 1867
- N. d. agassizii Bangs 1910
- N. d. boliviana Salvadori 1895
- N. d. darwinii Gray 1867
- N. d. peruviana von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1906
- N. d. salvadorii Hartert 1909
- (Temminck 1815)
- N. m. annectens Conover 1950
- N. m. cearensis Naumberg 1932
- N. m. maculosa (Temminck 1815)
- N. m. major (von Spix 1825)
- N. m. nigroguttata Salvadori 1895
- N. m. pallida Olrog 1959
- N. m. paludivaga Conover 1950
- N. m. submontan Conover 1937
- (von Spix 1825)
- Cins Rhynchotus von Spix 1825
- Gray 1867
- (Temminck 1815) von Spix 1825
- R. r. catingae Reiser 1905
- R. r. pallescens Kothe 1907
- R. r. rufescens (Temminck 1815)
- Cins Taoniscus Gloger 1841
- (Temminck 1815) Gloger 1841
- Cins Tinamotis Vigors 1837
- Oustalet 1890
- Vigors 1837
- Cins Eudromia Saint-Hilaire 1832
Bazen dahil edilir
- †Cins Andrews 1904
- † Andrews 1904
- †Cins Lambrecht 1929
- † Lambrecht 1929
ve
- † Vianey-Liaud & Lopez-Martinez 1997 [ootaxa]
- † Vianey-Liaud & Lopez-Martinez 1997
- † Zelenitsky, Hills & Curri 1996 [ootaxa]
- † Zelenitsky, Hills & Curri 1996
- † Pickford et al. 1995 [ootaxa]
- †
- † Pickford et al. 1995
- † Senut, Dauphin & Pickford 1998
- †
- † Mikhailov 1996 [ootaxa]?
- † Mikhailov 1996
- † Hirsch, Kihm & Zelenitsky 1997 [ootaxa]?
- † Hirsch, Kihm & Zelenitsky 1997
- † Pickford, Senut & Dauphin 1995 [ootaxa]?
- † Pickford 2014
- † (Sauer 1966) Pickford, Senut & Dauphin 1995
- † Zelenitsky, Hills & Curri 1996 [ootaxa]
- † Zelenitsky, Hills & Curri 1996
- † Andrews 1910 [ootaxa]?
- † Andrews 1910
- †
- † Pickford 2014 [ootaxa]
- † Pickford 2014
- † Pickford 2014
Ayrıca Bakınız
Kaynakça
- ^ del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (1992). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions. ISBN .
- ^ (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6 bas.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN .
- ^ v6.3 [1] 4 Kasım 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .. . 17 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Ağustos 2016.
- ^ Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). . English Names of Birds. 3 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Aralık 2015.
- ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). . Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. 29 Kasım 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Aralık 2015.
- ^ . Paleofile.com (net, info). 11 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Aralık 2015.
- ^ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". , Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180-293. 23 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 30 Aralık 2015.
- ^ Boyd, John (2007). (PDF). John Boyd's website. 22 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Aralık 2016.
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Kosucu kuslar Palaeognathae Gondvana kokenli Afrika Guney Amerika Yeni Gine Avustralya ve da dagilmis kus turlerinden olusan bir kladdir Deve kuslari nandular kiviler tepeli devekuslari emular ve tinamular gibi 50 den fazla yasayan turu icerir Neognathae grubu ile birlikte modern kuslarin iki ana kladini olusturur Listede soyu tukenmis turler icin Mikko s Phylogeny Archive Paleofile com ve Brodkob kaynaklari kullanilmistir FilogenetikJohn Boyd un calismasindan olusturulmus filogeni haritasi Paleognathae Struthionimorphae Struthioniformes Struthionidae Struthio Linnaeus 1758 deve kuslari Notopalaeognathae Rheimorphae Rheiformes Rheidae Brisson 1760 nandular Casuariiformes Casuariidae Dromaius Vieillot 1816 emus Casuarius Brisson 1760 tepeli deve kuslari Apterygiformes Apterygidae Apteryx Shaw 1813 kiviler Aepyornithiformes Bonaparte 1853 fil kuslari Tinamomorphae Dinornithiformes Haast 1886 yayla moasi Dinornithidae Dinornis Owen 1843 dev moalar Emeidae Pachyornis Lydekker 1891 Reichenbach 1853 bush moa Reichenbach 1853 Haast 1874 Houde 1988 Tinamiformes Tinamidae Nothocercus Bonaparte 1846 Tinamus Hermann 1783 Crypturellus Brabourne amp Chubb 1914 Tinamotis Vigors 1837 Eudromia Geoffroy 1832 Rhynchotus von Spix 1825 Nothoprocta Sclater amp Salvin 1873 Taoniscus Gloger 1841 Nothura Wagler 1827 TurlerTakim Struthioniformes Familya Struthionidae Vigors 1825 deve kuslari Cins Orientornis Wang 2008 Orientornis linxiaensis Hou et al 2005 Wang 2008 Cins Palaeotis Lambrecht 1928 Palaeotis wiegelti Lambrecht 1928 Cins Remiornis Lemoine 1881 Remiornis heberti Lemoine 1881 Cins Pachystruthio Pachystruthio dmanisensis Burchak Abramovich amp Vekua 1990 dev deve kusu Kretzoi 1954 Pachystruthio transcaucasicus Burchak Abramovich amp Vekua 1971 Cins Struthio Struthio anderssoni Lowe 1931 ootaxa Struthio barbarus Arambourg 1979 Struthio asiaticus Brodkorb 1863 Milne Edwards 1871 Asya deve kusu Struthio chersonensis Brandt 1873 Lambrecht 1921 Struthio coppensi Mourer Chauvire et al 1996 Struthio daberasensis Pickford Senut amp Dauphin 1995 Bonaparte Struthio kakesiensis Harrison amp Msuya 2005 ootaxa Struthio karingarabensis Senut Dauphin amp Pickford 1998 ootaxa Struthio oldawayi Lowe 1933 Struthio wimani Lowe 1931 Struthio molybdophanes Reichenow 1883 Somali deve kusu Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758 Bayagi deve kusu S c syriacus Rothschild 1919 Arabistan deve kusu EX 1966 S c camelus Linnaeus 1758 Kuzey Afrika deve kusu S c australis Gurney 1868 Guney Afrika deve kusu S c massaicus Neumann 1898 Masai deve kusu Takim Rheiformes Familya Ameghino 1895 Cins Ameghino 1895 Agnolin amp Chafrat 2015 Ameghino 1895 Noriega et al 2017 Familya Rheidae Bonaparte 1853 Nandular Cins Rovereto 1914 Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto 1914 Cins Tambussi 1995 Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi 1995 Cins Moreno amp Mercerat 1891 Moreno amp Mercerat 1891 Cins Brisson 1760 Ameghino amp Rusconi 1932 Moreno amp Mercerat 1891 Agnolin amp Noriega 2012 Moreno amp Mercerat 1891 Rhea americana Linnaeus 1758 Brisson 1760 bayagi nandu R a americana Linnaeus 1758 Amerika nandusu R a intermedia Rothschild amp Chubb 1914 R a albescens Lynch amp Holmberg 1878 Arjantin nandusu R a nobilis Brodkorb 1939 R a araneipes Brodkorb 1938 Rhea pennata d Orbigny 1834 Darwin nandusu R p pennata d Orbigny 1834 R p garleppi Chubb 1913 R p tarapacensis Chubb 1913 Takim Casuariiformes Familya Casuariidae Kaup 1847 tepeli deve kuslari amp emular Cins Casuarius Brisson 1760 Gould 1857 cuce tepeli deve kusu Gould 1857 Sclater 1874 Casuarius casuarius Linnaeus 1758 Brisson 1760 guney tepeli deve kusu Casuarius lydekkeri Rothschild 1911 Pygmy tepeli deve kusu Blyth 1860 Kuzey tepeli deve kusu Cins de Alvarenga 1983 Diogenornis fragilis de Alvarenga 1983 Cins Emuarius Boles 1992 Emu tepeli deve kusu Emuarius guljaruba Boles 2001 Emuarius gidju Patterson amp Rich 1987 Boles 1992 Cins Dromaius Vieillot 1816 emular Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham 1790 Vieillot 1816 D n novaehollandiae Latham 1790 Vieillot 1816 anakara emusu D n baudinianus Parker 1984 Kanguru adasi emusi D n diemenensis Jennings 1827 Le Souef 1907 Tazmanya emusu D n minor Spencer 1906 Kral adasi emusu Miller 1963 Yates amp Worthy 2019 Takim Apterygiformes Familya Apterygidae Gray 1840 kiviler Cins Worthy et al 2013 Proapteryx micromeros Worthy et al 2013 Cins Apteryx Shaw 1813 Shaw 1813 tokoeka A a lawryi Rothschild 1893 Stewart adasi tokoeka A a australis Shaw 1813 Fiordland Haast tokoeka Apteryx haastii Potts 1872 Buyuk benekli kivi Bartlett 1852 Kuzey Adasi kahve rengi kivisi Gould 1847 kucuk benekli kivi A o iredelai Mathews 1935 Kuzey Adasi kucuk benekli kivi A o owenii Gould 1847 Guney Adasi kucuk benekli kivi Tennyson et al 2003 Ōkarito Takim Aepyornithiformes Familya Bonaparte 1853 Fil kuslari Cins St Hilaire 1850 Monnier 1913 zayif fil kusu Burckhardt 1893 Hildebrandt fil kusu St Hilaire 1851 Milne Edwards amp Grandidier 1866 ortanca buyuk fil kusu Cins Milne Edwards amp Grandidier 1894 Milne Edwards amp Grandidier 1894 agile coastal fil kusu Milne Edwards amp Grandidier 1894 Betsile fil kusu Lamberton 1934 Milne Edwards amp Grandidier 1894 iri fil kusu Cins Andrews 1894 Hansford and Turvey 2018 Vorombe titan Hansford and Turvey 2018Takim Dinornithiformes Familya Dinornithidae Owen 1843 Cins Dinornis Owen 1843 dev moalar Dinornis novaezealandiae Owen 1843 Kuzey Adasi dev moasi Dinornis robustus Owen 1846 Bunce et al 2003 Guney Adasi dev moasi Familya Cins Haast 1886 Megalapteryx didinus Owen 1883 Haast 1886 yayla moasi Familya Emeidae Bonaparte 1854 lesser moas Cins Reichenbach 1853 Anomalopteryx didiformis Owen 1844 Reichenbach 1853 cali moasi Cins Reichenbach 1853 Owen 1846 Reichenbach 1853 non Parker 1895 dogulu moa Cins Haast 1874 genis gagali moalar Euryapteryx curtus Owen 1846 Euryapteryx gravis Owen 1870 Haast 1874 sahil moasi Cins PachyornisLydekker 1891 stout moas Oliver 1949 tepeli moa Owen 1856 Lydekker 1891 non Cracraft 1976 agir ayakli moa Owen 1848 Worthy 2005 Mantell moasi Takim Familya Houde 1988 sahte tinamular Cins Nesbitt amp Clarke 2016 Calciavis grandei Nesbitt amp Clarke 2016 Cins Mayr 2007 Fissuravis weigelti Mayr 2007 Cins Owen 1840 Lithornis celetius Houde 1988 Lithornis hookeri Harrison 1984 Lithornis nasi Harrison 1984 Lithornis plebius Houde 1988 Houde 1988 Owen 1840 Cins Harrison 1979 Paracathartes howardae Harrison 1979 Cins Houde 1988 Pseudocrypturus cercanaxius Houde 1988Takim Tinamiformes Familya Tinamidae Gray 1840 tinamular Cins Brodkorb 1961 Cins Rusconi 1958 Rusconi 1958 SubFamilya forest tinamular Cins Crypturellus Brabourne amp Chubb 1914 kahverengi tinamular Chandler 2012 Tschudi 1844 C a atrocapillus Tschudi 1844 C a garleppi von Berlepsch 1892 Sclater amp Salvin 1873 Bartlett tinamusu Rothschild 1897 Berlepsch tinamusu Sclater 1860 C b boucardi Sclater 1860 C b costaricensis Dwight amp Griscom 1924 Pelzeln 1863 Chapman 1929 Gmelin 1789 Lesson 1842 C c occidentalis Salvadori 1895 C c cinnamomeus Lesson 1842 C c delatrii Bonaparte 1854 C c goldmani Nelson 1901 C c mexicanus Salvadori 1895 C c praepes Bangs amp Peters 1927 C c sallaei Bonaparte 1856 C c soconuscensis Brodkorb 1939 C c vicinior Conover 1933 Zimmer 1938 Pelzeln 1863 C e columbianus Salvadori 1895 C e cursitans Wetmore amp Phelps 1946 C e erythropus Pelzeln 1863 C e idoneus Todd 1919 C e margaritae Phelps amp Phelps 1948 C e saltuarius Wetmore 1950 C e spencei Brabourne amp Chubb 1914 Chapman 1915 zu Wied Neuwied 1820 C n zabele von Spix 1825 C n noctivagus zu Wied Neuwied 1820 Temminck 1815 kahverengi tinamu C o castaneus Sclater 1858 C o cerviniventris Sclater amp Salvin 1873 C o griseiventris Salvadori 1895 C o hypochrceus Miranda Ribeiro 1938 C o knoxi Phelps 1976 C o obsoletus Temminck 1815 C o ochraceiventris Stolzmann 1926 C o punensis Chubb 1917 C o traylori Blake 1961 Wagler 1827 Zimmer amp Phelps 1945 Hermann 1783 C s albigularis Brabourne amp Chubb 1914 C s andrei Brabourne amp Chubb 1914 C s capnodes Wetmore 1963 C s caquetae Chapman 1915 C s caucae Chapman 1912 C s harterti Brabourne amp Chubb 1914 C s inconspicuus Carriker 1935 C s meserythrus Sclater 1860 C s modestus Cabanis 1869 C s mustelinus Bangs 1905 C s nigriceps Chapman 1923 C s panamensis Carriker 1910 C s poliocephalu Aldrich 1937 C s soui Hermann 1783 Temminck 1815 Temminck 1815 C t inops Bangs amp Noble 1918 C t lepidotus Swainson 1837 C t peruvianus Cory 1915 C t tataupa Temminck 1815 Sclater amp Salvin 1878 Temminck 1815 C u adspersus Temminck 1815 C u manapiare Phelps amp Phelps 1952 C u simplex Salvadori 1895 C u undulatus Temminck 1815 C u vermiculatus Temminck 1825 C u yaputa von Spix 1825 Gmelin 1789 Cins Tinamus Hermann 1783 Pelzeln 1863 Gmelin 1789 T m brunneiventris Aldrich 1937 T m castaneiceps Salvadori 1895 T m fuscipennis Salvadori 1895 T m latifrons Salvadori 1895 T m major Gmelin 1789 T m olivascens Conover 1937 T m percautus van Tyne 1935 T m peruvianus Bonaparte 1856 T m robustus Sclater amp Salvin 1868 T m saturatus Griscom 1929 T m serratus von Spix 1825 T m zuliensis Osgood amp Conover 1922 Conover 1949 siyah tinamu T o hershkovitzi Blake 1953 T o osgoodi Conover 1949 Vieillot 1819 solitary tinamu Tinamus tao Temminck 1815 tao T t kleei Tschudi 1843 T t larensis Phelps amp Phelps 1949 T t septentrionalis Brabourne amp Chubb 1913 T t tao Temminck 1815 Cins Nothocercus Bonaparte 1846 Gray 1867 N b frantzii subspecies group N b frantzii Lawrence 1868 N b bonapartei subspecies group N b bonapartei Gray 1867 N b discrepans Friedmann 1947 N b intercedens Salvadori 1895 N b plumbeiceps Lonnberg amp Rendahl 1922 Bonaparte 1854 Gray 1867 N n cadwaladeri Carriker 1933 N n nigrocapillus Gray 1867 Alt Familya Cins Eudromia Saint Hilaire 1832 Rovereto 1914 Tambussi amp Tonni 1985 Saint Hilaire 1832 E e albida Wetmore 1921 E e devia Conover 1950 E e elegans Saint Hilaire 1832 E e intermedia Dabbene amp Lillo 1913 E e magnistriata Olrog 1959 E e multiguttata Conover 1950 E e numida Banks 1977 E e patagonica Conover 1950 E e riojana Olrog 1959 E e wetmorei Banks 1977 Lillo 1905 E f formosa Lillo 1905 E f mira Brodkorb 1938 Cins Nothoprocta Sclater amp Salvin 1873 Burmeister 1860 N c cinerascens Burmeister 1860 N c parvimaculata Olrog 1959 Sclater amp Salvin 1873 N c curvirostris Sclater amp Salvin 1873 N c peruviana Taczanowski 1886 Gray 1867 N o branickii Taczanowski 1875 N o ornata Gray 1867 N o rostrata von Berlepsch 1907 Gray 1867 N p ambigua Cory 1915 N p doeringi Schulz ex Cabanis 1878 N p fulvescens Berlepsch 1902 N p mendozae Banks amp Bohl 1968 N p niethammeri Koepcke 1968 N p oustaleti von Berlepsch amp Stolzmann 1901 N p pentlandii Gray 1867 Kittlitz 1830 N p perdicaria Kittlitz 1830 N p sanborni Conover 1924 Sclater amp Salvin 1875 Cins Nothura Wagler 1827 nothuras Mercerat 1897 Rovereto Tambussi 1989 von Spix 1825 Conover 1937 Gray 1867 N d agassizii Bangs 1910 N d boliviana Salvadori 1895 N d darwinii Gray 1867 N d peruviana von Berlepsch amp Stolzmann 1906 N d salvadorii Hartert 1909 Temminck 1815 N m annectens Conover 1950 N m cearensis Naumberg 1932 N m maculosa Temminck 1815 N m major von Spix 1825 N m nigroguttata Salvadori 1895 N m pallida Olrog 1959 N m paludivaga Conover 1950 N m submontan Conover 1937 von Spix 1825 Cins Rhynchotus von Spix 1825 Gray 1867 Temminck 1815 von Spix 1825 R r catingae Reiser 1905 R r pallescens Kothe 1907 R r rufescens Temminck 1815 Cins Taoniscus Gloger 1841 Temminck 1815 Gloger 1841 Cins Tinamotis Vigors 1837 Oustalet 1890 Vigors 1837Bazen dahil edilir Cins Andrews 1904 Andrews 1904 Cins Lambrecht 1929 Lambrecht 1929 ve Vianey Liaud amp Lopez Martinez 1997 ootaxa Vianey Liaud amp Lopez Martinez 1997 Zelenitsky Hills amp Curri 1996 ootaxa Zelenitsky Hills amp Curri 1996 Pickford et al 1995 ootaxa Pickford et al 1995 Senut Dauphin amp Pickford 1998 Mikhailov 1996 ootaxa Mikhailov 1996 Hirsch Kihm amp Zelenitsky 1997 ootaxa Hirsch Kihm amp Zelenitsky 1997 Pickford Senut amp Dauphin 1995 ootaxa Pickford 2014 Sauer 1966 Pickford Senut amp Dauphin 1995 Zelenitsky Hills amp Curri 1996 ootaxa Zelenitsky Hills amp Curri 1996 Andrews 1910 ootaxa Andrews 1910 Pickford 2014 ootaxa Pickford 2014 Pickford 2014Ayrica BakinizYakin zamanda nesli tukenmis turler Soyu tukenmis kuslar listesiKaynakca del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J 1992 Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 1 Ostrich to Ducks Lynx Edicions ISBN 84 87334 10 5 2007 The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World 6 bas Ithaca NY Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 4501 9 v6 3 1 4 Kasim 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde 17 Eylul 2016 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 30 Agustos 2016 Cinar Umut November 2015 English Names of Birds 3 Kasim 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 30 Aralik 2015 Haaramo Mikko 2007 Mikko s Phylogeny Archive 29 Kasim 2012 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 30 Aralik 2015 Paleofile com net info 11 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 30 Aralik 2015 Brodkob Pierce 1963 Catalogue of fossil birds 1 Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 7 4 180 293 23 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 30 Aralik 2015 Boyd John 2007 PDF John Boyd s website 22 Aralik 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan PDF arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 30 Aralik 2016