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Kriyosfer (Antik Yunanca: κρύος cryos "soğuk", "don" veya "buz" ve σφαῖρα sphaira, "küre, top") Dünya yüzeyinde suyun kar ve buz gibi katı formda bulunduğu; deniz buzu, göl buzu, nehir buzu, kar örtüsü, buzullar ve diğer buz tabakaları ve donmuş toprak (permafrostu da içerir) bölümlerinin hepsine birden verilen isimdir. Hidrosfer ile geniş bir örtüşme içindedir. Kriyosfer bulutlar, yağış, hidroloji, atmosfer ve okyanus dolaşımı üzerindeki etkisi ile ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
- Brown, R. D., and P. Cote, 1992: Inter annual variability in land fast ice thickness in the Canadian High Arctic, 1950-89. Arctic, 45, 273-284.
- Chahine, M. T., 1992: The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate. Nature, 359, 373-380.
- Flato, G. M., and R. D. Brown, 1996: Variability and climate sensitivity of landfast Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 101(C10), 25,767-25,777.
- Groisman, P. Ya, T. R. Karl, and R. W. Knight, 1994b: Changes of snow cover, temperature and radiative heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 7, 1633-1656.
- Hughes, M. G., A. Frei, and D. A. Robinson, 1996: Historical analysis of North American snow cover extent: merging satellite and station-derived snow cover observations. Proc. 53rd Eastern Snow Conference, Williamsburg, Virginia, 21-31.
- Huybrechts, P., 1990: The Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial inter glacial cycle: a three-dimensional experiment. Annals of Glaciology, 14, 115-119.
- IPCC, 1996: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change.Houghton, J. T., L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (eds.), Contribution of WGI to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 572 pp.
- Ledley, T. S., 1991: Snow on sea ice: competing effects in shaping climate. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17,195-17,208.
- Ledley, T. S., 1993: Variations in snow on sea ice: a mechanism for producing climate variations. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D6), 10,401-10,410.
- Lynch-Stieglitz, M., 1994: The development and validation of a simple snow model for the GISS GCM. J. Climate, 7, 1842-1855.
- Martin, S., K. Steffen, J. Comiso, D. Cavalieri, M. R. Drinkwater, and B. Holt, 1992: Microwave remote sensing of polynyas. In: Carsey, F. D. (ed.), Microwave remote sensing of sea ice, Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 1992, 303-311.
- Meier, M. F., 1984: Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level rise. Science, 226, 1418-1421.
- Parkinson, C. L., J. C. Comiso, H. J. Zwally, D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell, 1987: Arctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations, NASA SP-489, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 296 pp.
- , 1993: World sea level and the present mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. In: W.R. Peltier (ed.), Ice in the Climate System, NATO ASI Series, I12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 131-140.
- Robinson, D. A., K. F. Dewey, and R. R. Heim, 1993: Global snow cover monitoring: an update. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 74, 1689-1696.
- Steffen, K., and A. Ohmura, 1985: Heat exchange and surface conditions in North Water, northern Baffin Bay. Annals of Glaciology, 6, 178-181.
- Van den Broeke, M. R., 1996: The atmospheric boundary layer over ice sheets and glaciers. Utrecht, Universities Utrecht, 178 pp. Van den Broeke, M. R., and R. Bintanja, 1995: The interaction of katabatic wind and the formation of blue ice areas in East Antarctica. J. Glaciology, 41, 395-407.
- Welch, H. E., 1992: Energy flow through the marine ecosystem of the Lancaster Sound region, Arctic Canada. Arctic, 45, 343.
Dış bağlantılar
- International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS)15 Ocak 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- International Glaciological Society (IGS) 8 Şubat 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Global Outlook for Ice and Snow8 Haziran 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde . Assessment on the state and future of the Cryosphere, by the UN Environment Programme, June 2007
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Illinois: Cryosphere Today23 Şubat 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Canadian Cryospheric Information Network30 Eylül 2004 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- State of the Canadian Cryosphere 28 Şubat 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Near-real-time overview of global ice concentration and snow extent17 Haziran 2005 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- National Snow and Ice Data Center25 Şubat 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- . A video produced by the University of Washington, March 2008
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Kriyosfer Antik Yunanca kryos cryos soguk don veya buz ve sfaῖra sphaira kure top Dunya yuzeyinde suyun kar ve buz gibi kati formda bulundugu deniz buzu gol buzu nehir buzu kar ortusu buzullar ve diger buz tabakalari ve donmus toprak permafrostu da icerir bolumlerinin hepsine birden verilen isimdir Hidrosfer ile genis bir ortusme icindedir Kriyosfer bulutlar yagis hidroloji atmosfer ve okyanus dolasimi uzerindeki etkisi ile ayrilmaz bir parcasidir Kriyosfer ve buyuk komponentleri Konuyla ilgili yayinlarBrown R D and P Cote 1992 Inter annual variability in land fast ice thickness in the Canadian High Arctic 1950 89 Arctic 45 273 284 Chahine M T 1992 The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate Nature 359 373 380 Flato G M and R D Brown 1996 Variability and climate sensitivity of landfast Arctic sea ice J Geophys Res 101 C10 25 767 25 777 Groisman P Ya T R Karl and R W Knight 1994b Changes of snow cover temperature and radiative heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere J Climate 7 1633 1656 Hughes M G A Frei and D A Robinson 1996 Historical analysis of North American snow cover extent merging satellite and station derived snow cover observations Proc 53rd Eastern Snow Conference Williamsburg Virginia 21 31 Huybrechts P 1990 The Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial inter glacial cycle a three dimensional experiment Annals of Glaciology 14 115 119 IPCC 1996 Climate Change 1995 The Science of Climate Change Houghton J T L G Meira Filho B A Callander N Harris A Kattenberg and K Maskell eds Contribution of WGI to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK 572 pp Ledley T S 1991 Snow on sea ice competing effects in shaping climate J Geophys Res 96 17 195 17 208 Ledley T S 1993 Variations in snow on sea ice a mechanism for producing climate variations J Geophys Res 98 D6 10 401 10 410 Lynch Stieglitz M 1994 The development and validation of a simple snow model for the GISS GCM J Climate 7 1842 1855 Martin S K Steffen J Comiso D Cavalieri M R Drinkwater and B Holt 1992 Microwave remote sensing of polynyas In Carsey F D ed Microwave remote sensing of sea ice Washington DC American Geophysical Union 1992 303 311 Meier M F 1984 Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level rise Science 226 1418 1421 Parkinson C L J C Comiso H J Zwally D J Cavalieri P Gloersen and W J Campbell 1987 Arctic Sea Ice 1973 1976 Satellite Passive Microwave Observations NASA SP 489 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington D C 296 pp 1993 World sea level and the present mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet In W R Peltier ed Ice in the Climate System NATO ASI Series I12 Springer Verlag Berlin 131 140 Robinson D A K F Dewey and R R Heim 1993 Global snow cover monitoring an update Bull Amer Meteorol Soc 74 1689 1696 Steffen K and A Ohmura 1985 Heat exchange and surface conditions in North Water northern Baffin Bay Annals of Glaciology 6 178 181 Van den Broeke M R 1996 The atmospheric boundary layer over ice sheets and glaciers Utrecht Universities Utrecht 178 pp Van den Broeke M R and R Bintanja 1995 The interaction of katabatic wind and the formation of blue ice areas in East Antarctica J Glaciology 41 395 407 Welch H E 1992 Energy flow through the marine ecosystem of the Lancaster Sound region Arctic Canada Arctic 45 343 Dis baglantilarInternational Association of Cryospheric Sciences IACS 15 Ocak 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde International Glaciological Society IGS 8 Subat 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Global Outlook for Ice and Snow8 Haziran 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Assessment on the state and future of the Cryosphere by the UN Environment Programme June 2007 Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Illinois Cryosphere Today23 Subat 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Canadian Cryospheric Information Network30 Eylul 2004 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde State of the Canadian Cryosphere 28 Subat 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Near real time overview of global ice concentration and snow extent17 Haziran 2005 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde National Snow and Ice Data Center25 Subat 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde A video produced by the University of Washington March 2008