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Liberal Birlik Partisi (İngilizce: Liberal Unionist Party) 1886'da Liberal Parti'den ayrılan bir grup tarafından kurulan bir Britanyalı siyasi partidir. Lord Hartington (daha sonra Devonshire Dükü) ve Joseph Chamberlain tarafından yönetilen parti, İrlanda Özyönetim Hareketi'ne karşı Muhafazakâr Parti ile siyasi bir ittifak kurdu. İki parti 1895-1905 yılları arasında on yıllık koalisyon Birlik Hükûmeti'ini kurdular, ancak Mayıs 1912'de Liberal Birlik ve Muhafazakar partiler arasında tam bir birleşme kabul edilene kadar ayrı siyasi fonları ve kendi parti örgütlerini muhafaza ettiler.
Liberal Birlik Partisi | |
|---|---|
| Liderler | |
| Kuruluş tarihi | 1886 |
| Kapanış tarihi | 1912 |
| Birleşme | Muhafazakâr Parti |
| Bölünme | Liberal Parti |
| Merkez | Londra |
| İdeoloji |
|
| Siyasi pozisyon | Merkezdenmerkez sağa |
| Birleşik Krallık | |
Seçim sonuçları
| Seçim | Lider | Adaylar | Oy (#) | Oy (%) | Kazanılan sandalye | Hükûmet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160 | 416.391 | 14,0% | 77 / 670 | Muhafazakâr–Liberal Birlik | ||
| 137 | 468.729 | 10,2% | 48 / 670 | Liberal azınlık | ||
| 111 | 358.672 | 9,3% | 71 / 670 | Muhafazakâr–Liberal Birlik | ||
| 101 | 300.685 | 8,5% | 67 / 670 | Muhafazakâr–Liberal Birlik | ||
| Joseph Chamberlain | 100 | 410.161 | 7,3% | 27 / 670 | Liberal | |
| Joseph Chamberlain | 101 | 492.473 | 7,4% | 43 / 670 | Liberal azınlık | |
| Joseph Chamberlain | 75 | 298.606 | 5,7% | 49 / 670 | Liberal azınlık |
Ayrıca bakınız
Kaynakça
- ^ Blaxill, Luke (2016). "Opposition to Irish Home Rule". Huzzey, Richard; Childs, Mike (Ed.). Campaigning for Change: Lessons from History (İngilizce). Londra. s. 106.
Having two parties and two sets of leaders allowed the Unionists to appeal to a broader group of voters and remain anchored in the political centre.
- ^ Wesley Ferris, "The Liberal Unionist Party, 1886–1912"" (PhD dissertation, McMaster University, 2008.
- ^ Ian Cawood, The Liberal Unionist Party: A History (2012)
- ^ Ferris, Wesley (2011). "The Candidates of the Liberal Unionist Party, 1886–1912". Parliamentary History. 30# 2: 142–157. doi:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2011.00246.x.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
| Wikimedia Commons'ta Liberal Birlikçi Parti ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır. |
- Bebbington, D. W. The Nonconformist Conscience: Chapel and Politics, 1870–1914 (George Allen & Unwin, 1982).
- Bentley, Michael. The Climax of British Politics: British Liberalism in Theory and Practice 1868–1918 (Edward Arnold, 1987).
- Bernstein, George L. Liberalism and Liberal Politics in Edwardian England (Allen & Unwin, 1986).
- Blewett, Neal. The Peers, the Parties and the People: the general elections of 1910 (U of Toronto Press, 1972).
- Cawood, Ian. The Liberal Unionist Party: A History (I.B. Tauris. 2012)., 362, pp. online review and historiography by Iain Sharpe 18 Kasım 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .; the only full-scale history of the party in print; see Ferris (2008) below
- Cawood, Ian. "The 1892 General Election and the Eclipse of the Liberal Unionists." Parliamentary History 29.3 (2010): 331–57.
- Cawood, Ian. "The Unionist 'Compact' in West Midland Politics 1891–1895." Midland History 30 (2005): 92–111.
- Craig, F.W.S., (Ed.) (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918. Macmillan.
- Davis, Peter. "The Liberal Unionist Party and the Irish Policy of Lord Salisbury's Government, 1886–1892" Historical Journal 18#1 (1975), p. 85–104.
- Fair, John D. "From Liberal to Conservative: The Flight of the Liberal Unionists after 1886." Victorian Studies (1986): 291–314. in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Fair, John D. "Party Voting Behaviour in the British House of Commons, 1886–1918,' Parliamentary History 5#1 (1986), pp. 65–82.
- Ferris, Wesley. "The Liberal Unionist Party, 1886–1912" (PhD dissertation, McMaster University, 2008. online 18 Şubat 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .; Detailed bibliography pp 397–418. full text online
- Ferris, Wesley (2011). "The Candidates of the Liberal Unionist Party, 1886–1912". Parliamentary History. 30# 2 (2): 142-157. doi:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2011.00246.x.
- France, John. "Salisbury and the Unionist Alliance" in Robert Blake and Hugh Cecil, eds., Salisbury: The Man and his Policies (Macmillan, 1987), pp. 219–251.
- Fraser, Peter. "The Liberal Unionist Alliance: Chamberlain, Hartington, and the Conservatives, 1886–1904." English Historical Review 77#302 (1962): 53–78. in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Goodman, Gordon L. "Liberal Unionism: the revolt of the Whigs." Victorian Studies 3.2 (1959): 173–189. in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Holland, Bernard Henry. The Life of Spencer Compton, eighth duke of Devonshire. (2 vols 1911). online vol 1 and online vol 2
- Jackson, Patrick. The Last of the Whigs: A Political Biography of Lord Hartington, later Eighth Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908) (Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1994).
- Jenkins, T. A. "The funding of the Liberal Unionist party and the honours system." English Historical Review 105.417 (1990): 920–93 in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Jenkins, T. A. "Hartington, Chamberlain and the Unionist Alliance, 1886–1895" Parliamentary History 11#1 (1992) pp. 108–138.
- Lloyd-Jones, N. (August 2015). "Liberal Unionism and Political Representation in Wales, c.1886–1893". Historical Research. 88 (241): 482-507. doi:10.1111/1468-2281.12092.
- McCaffrey, John F. "The Origins of Liberal Unionism in the West of Scotland" Scottish Historical Review Vol. 50 (1971) pp. 47–71.
- Marsh, Peter T. (1994). Joseph Chamberlain: Entrepreneur in Politics. Yale University Press.
- Parry, J. The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain (2.2tarih=1996 bas.). Yale University Press.
- Parry, Jonathan. "Cavendish, Spencer Compton, marquess of Hartington and eighth duke of Devonshire (1833–1908)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 5 Jan 2014].
- Rempel, Richard A. Unionists Divided; Arthur Balfour, Joseph Chamberlain and the Unionist Free Traders (Archon Books, 1972).
- Searle, G. R. Country Before Party: Coalition and the Idea of "National Government" in modern Britain, 1885–1987 (1995).
- Searle, G. R. A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918 (2004) survey of the era.
- Sharpe, Iain. "Review of: The Liberal Unionist Party: A History" Reviews in History (2012) online 18 Kasım 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .; historiography
Dış bağlantılar
- http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22972 10 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/liberal-conservative-coalitions-a-farce-and-a-fraud 10 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2281.12092/abstract 5 Mart 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
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Liberal Birlik Partisi Ingilizce Liberal Unionist Party 1886 da Liberal Parti den ayrilan bir grup tarafindan kurulan bir Britanyali siyasi partidir Lord Hartington daha sonra Devonshire Duku ve Joseph Chamberlain tarafindan yonetilen parti Irlanda Ozyonetim Hareketi ne karsi Muhafazakar Parti ile siyasi bir ittifak kurdu Iki parti 1895 1905 yillari arasinda on yillik koalisyon Birlik Hukumeti ini kurdular ancak Mayis 1912 de Liberal Birlik ve Muhafazakar partiler arasinda tam bir birlesme kabul edilene kadar ayri siyasi fonlari ve kendi parti orgutlerini muhafaza ettiler Liberal Birlik PartisiLiderlerJoseph ChamberlainKurulus tarihi1886 1886 Kapanis tarihi1912 1912 BirlesmeMuhafazakar PartiBolunmeLiberal PartiMerkezLondraIdeolojiMuhafazakar liberalizm Birlesik Krallik da BirlikSiyasi pozisyonMerkezdenmerkez sagaBirlesik KrallikSecim sonuclariSecim sonuclari Secim Lider Adaylar Oy Oy Kazanilan sandalye Hukumet160 416 391 14 0 77 670 Muhafazakar Liberal Birlik137 468 729 10 2 48 670 Liberal azinlik111 358 672 9 3 71 670 Muhafazakar Liberal Birlik101 300 685 8 5 67 670 Muhafazakar Liberal BirlikJoseph Chamberlain 100 410 161 7 3 27 670 LiberalJoseph Chamberlain 101 492 473 7 4 43 670 Liberal azinlikJoseph Chamberlain 75 298 606 5 7 49 670 Liberal azinlikAyrica bakinizLiberalizm Ulster Birlik PartisiKaynakca Blaxill Luke 2016 Opposition to Irish Home Rule Huzzey Richard Childs Mike Ed Campaigning for Change Lessons from History Ingilizce Londra s 106 Having two parties and two sets of leaders allowed the Unionists to appeal to a broader group of voters and remain anchored in the political centre Wesley Ferris The Liberal Unionist Party 1886 1912 PhD dissertation McMaster University 2008 Ian Cawood The Liberal Unionist Party A History 2012 Ferris Wesley 2011 The Candidates of the Liberal Unionist Party 1886 1912 Parliamentary History 30 2 142 157 doi 10 1111 j 1750 0206 2011 00246 x Konuyla ilgili yayinlarWikimedia Commons ta Liberal Birlikci Parti ile ilgili ortam dosyalari bulunmaktadir Bebbington D W The Nonconformist Conscience Chapel and Politics 1870 1914 George Allen amp Unwin 1982 Bentley Michael The Climax of British Politics British Liberalism in Theory and Practice 1868 1918 Edward Arnold 1987 Bernstein George L Liberalism and Liberal Politics in Edwardian England Allen amp Unwin 1986 Blewett Neal The Peers the Parties and the People the general elections of 1910 U of Toronto Press 1972 Cawood Ian The Liberal Unionist Party A History I B Tauris 2012 362 pp online review and historiography by Iain Sharpe 18 Kasim 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde the only full scale history of the party in print see Ferris 2008 below Cawood Ian The 1892 General Election and the Eclipse of the Liberal Unionists Parliamentary History 29 3 2010 331 57 Cawood Ian The Unionist Compact in West Midland Politics 1891 1895 Midland History 30 2005 92 111 Craig F W S Ed 1974 British Parliamentary Election Results 1885 1918 Macmillan Davis Peter The Liberal Unionist Party and the Irish Policy of Lord Salisbury s Government 1886 1892 Historical Journal 18 1 1975 p 85 104 Fair John D From Liberal to Conservative The Flight of the Liberal Unionists after 1886 Victorian Studies 1986 291 314 in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Fair John D Party Voting Behaviour in the British House of Commons 1886 1918 Parliamentary History 5 1 1986 pp 65 82 Ferris Wesley The Liberal Unionist Party 1886 1912 PhD dissertation McMaster University 2008 online 18 Subat 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Detailed bibliography pp 397 418 full text online Ferris Wesley 2011 The Candidates of the Liberal Unionist Party 1886 1912 Parliamentary History 30 2 2 142 157 doi 10 1111 j 1750 0206 2011 00246 x France John Salisbury and the Unionist Alliance in Robert Blake and Hugh Cecil eds Salisbury The Man and his Policies Macmillan 1987 pp 219 251 Fraser Peter The Liberal Unionist Alliance Chamberlain Hartington and the Conservatives 1886 1904 English Historical Review 77 302 1962 53 78 in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Goodman Gordon L Liberal Unionism the revolt of the Whigs Victorian Studies 3 2 1959 173 189 in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Holland Bernard Henry The Life of Spencer Compton eighth duke of Devonshire 2 vols 1911 online vol 1 and online vol 2 Jackson Patrick The Last of the Whigs A Political Biography of Lord Hartington later Eighth Duke of Devonshire 1833 1908 Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press 1994 Jenkins T A The funding of the Liberal Unionist party and the honours system English Historical Review 105 417 1990 920 93 in JSTOR 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Jenkins T A Hartington Chamberlain and the Unionist Alliance 1886 1895 Parliamentary History 11 1 1992 pp 108 138 Lloyd Jones N August 2015 Liberal Unionism and Political Representation in Wales c 1886 1893 Historical Research 88 241 482 507 doi 10 1111 1468 2281 12092 McCaffrey John F The Origins of Liberal Unionism in the West of Scotland Scottish Historical Review Vol 50 1971 pp 47 71 Marsh Peter T 1994 Joseph Chamberlain Entrepreneur in Politics Yale University Press Parry J The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain 2 2tarih 1996 bas Yale University Press Parry Jonathan Cavendish Spencer Compton marquess of Hartington and eighth duke of Devonshire 1833 1908 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 online edn Jan 2008 accessed 5 Jan 2014 Rempel Richard A Unionists Divided Arthur Balfour Joseph Chamberlain and the Unionist Free Traders Archon Books 1972 Searle G R Country Before Party Coalition and the Idea of National Government in modern Britain 1885 1987 1995 Searle G R A New England Peace and War 1886 1918 2004 survey of the era Sharpe Iain Review of The Liberal Unionist Party A History Reviews in History 2012 online 18 Kasim 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde historiographyDis baglantilarhttp www british history ac uk report aspx compid 22972 10 Eylul 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde http www historyandpolicy org policy papers papers liberal conservative coalitions a farce and a fraud 10 Agustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde http onlinelibrary wiley com doi 10 1111 1468 2281 12092 abstract 5 Mart 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde