Azərbaycanca
Беларускі
Dansk
Deutsch
Española
Français
Indonesia
Italiana
日本語
Қазақ
Lietuvos
Nederlands
Português
Русский
සිංහල
แบบไทย
Türkçe
Українська
中國人
United State
Afrikaans
Eel Nehri Atabaskları (İngilizce Eel River Athabascan/Athabaskan/Athapascan/Athapaskan peoples, Kenesti, Kuneste), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin kuzeybatı Kaliforniya eyaletinde Eel Nehri civarında yaşayan ve adlarını da buradan alan, avcı ve toplayıcı, animist ya da şamanist Kaliforniya Kızılderilileri kültür grubundan Kızılderili halkı. Atabaskların Pasifik Atabaskları grubunun alt grubunda yer alırlar. Diğer ABD Kızılderilileri gibi Eel Nehri Atabaskları da yasal olarak Kızılderili rezervasyonu adı verilen kamp benzeri toplama yerleşimlerde yaşamak zorundadırlar.
 Eel Nehri Atabasklarının coğrafyası | |
| Önemli nüfusa sahip bölgeler | |
|---|---|
 ABD (Kaliforniya) | |
| Diller | |
| Din | |
Günümüzde, Wailaki kabilesinden bazı Atabasklar ve rezervlerinde yaşarlar.
Kabileler
- Lassikler
- Nongatllar
- Sinkyoneler
- Kuzey Sinkyoneleri (Northern Sinkyone)
- Güney Sinkyoneleri (Southern Sinkyone, Shelter Cove Sinkyone)
- Wailakiler
- Eel Wailaki
- North Fork Wailaki
- Pitch Wailaki
Kimileri Katolar ile de Eel Nehri Atabaskları içinde sınıflandırır.
Komşuları
Kuzeyde Hupalar, ve Atabasklarıyla, batı kıyısında Atabasklarıyla ve güneyde Kato Atabaskları ve Yukilerle komşudurlar.
Nüfus
Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) 1770 yılındaki nüfus tahmini olarak Nongatl, Sinkyone ve Lassik için 2.000, Wailaki için ise 1.000 rakamını verir. (1976) 4.700 rakamını Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, Wailaki, Mattole ve Katoların toplamı için verir. Martin A. Baumhoff (1958) 2.325 Nongatl, 4.221 Sinkyone, 1.411 Lassik, 2.760 Wailaki olarak verir toplam 10.717 Eel Nehri Atabask nüfusuna ulaşır.
Kroeber 1910 yılındaki nüfusularını ise Nongatl, Sinkyone ve Lassik için 100, Wailaki için 200 rakamını verir.
Katliamlar
Tarihte Eel Nehri Atabasklarından Wailaki kabilesine yönelik iki katliam kaydedilmiştir:
1861 Horse Canyon Katliamı : Beyaz yerleşimciler ve müttefiği Kızılderililer tarafından Horse Canyon'daki () bir Wailaki köyüne saldırı düzenlenmesi ve 240 Wailakinin öldürülmesi.
1862 Upper Station Katliamı : Kaliforniyalı Beyaz yerleşimciler tarafından 'da en az 20 Wailaki Kızılderilisinin öldürülmesi.
Kaynakça
- ^ California Indians and Their Reservations. 11 Mart 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde . San Diego State University Library and Information Access. 2009 (retrieved 27 July 2009)
- ^ California Indians and Their Reservations: G. 10 Ocak 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde . San Diego State University Library and Information Access. 2010 (retrieved 30 June 2010)
- ^ Heizer, Robert F., volume editor. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8: California. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. .
- ^ Baumgardner, Frank, Killing for Land in Early California – Indian Blood at Round Valley, Algora Publishing, 2006, sayfa: 204–206
- ^ Baumgardner, Frank, Killing for Land in Early California – Indian Blood at Round Valley, Algora Publishing, 2006, sayfa: 243
Bibliyografya
- Baumgardner, Frank, Killing for Land in Early California – Indian Blood at Round Valley, Algora Publishing, 2006, 312 pages,
- Baumhoff, Martin A. 1958. "California Athabascan Groups". Anthropological Records 16:157-238. University of California, Berkeley.
- Cook, Sherburne F. 1976. The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization. University of California Press, Berkeley.
- Curtis, Edward S. 1907-1930. The North American Indian. 20 vols. Plimpton Press, Norwood, Massachusetts. (Seven Wailaki myths, including Theft of Fire, collected from North Fork John, vol. 14, pp. 167–169.)
- Driver, Harold E. 1937. "Culture Element Distributions: X Northwest California". Anthropological Records 1:297-433. University of California, Berkeley. [Includes data on Nongatl.]
- Elsasser, Albert B. 1976. "Mattole, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, and Wailaki". In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 190–204. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
- Essene, Frank. 1942. "Culture Element Distributions XXI: Round Valley". Anthropological Records 8:1-97. University of California Press, Berkeley. (Five Lassik narratives, including Theft of Fire, pp. 93–96.)
- Goddard, Pliny E. 1906. "Lassik Tales". Journal of American Folklore 19:133-140. (Nine narratives collected in 1903, including Theft of Fire and Bear and Fawns.)
- Goddard, Pliny E. 1921-1923. "Wailaki Texts". International Journal of American Linguistics 2:77-135. (36 myths, including Theft of Fire.)
- Kroeber, A. L. 1919. "Sinkyone Tales". Journal of American Folklore 32:346-351. (Narratives from George Burt and Mrs. Tom Bell, including Theft of Fire and Bear and Fawns, with comparative notes.)
- Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C., Volume 1, Page 142-158
- Loeb, Edwin M. 1932. "The Western Kuksu Cult". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33:1-137. Berkeley. (Note on Wailaki mythology, pp. 73–75.)
- Nomland, Gladys Ayer. 1935. "Sinkyone Notes". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 36:149-178. Berkeley. (Myths collected in 1928-1929, pp. 170–174.)
- Seaburg, William R. 1977. "The Man Who Married a Grizzly Girl (Wailaki)". In Northern Californian Texts, edited by Victor Golla and Shirley Silver, pp. 114–120. International Journal of American Linguistics Native American Texts Series No. 2(2). University of Chicago Press.
- Seaburg, William R. 1977. "A Wailaki (Athapaskan) Text with Comparative Notes". International Journal of American Linguistics 43:327-332. (A short myth collected from John Tip by Fang-Kuei Li in 1927.)
- Thompson, Stith. 1929. Tales of the North American Indians. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.(Bear and Fawns narrative, pp. 153–154, from Goddard 1906.)
wikipedia, wiki, viki, vikipedia, oku, kitap, kütüphane, kütübhane, ara, ara bul, bul, herşey, ne arasanız burada,hikayeler, makale, kitaplar, öğren, wiki, bilgi, tarih, yukle, izle, telefon için, turk, türk, türkçe, turkce, nasıl yapılır, ne demek, nasıl, yapmak, yapılır, indir, ücretsiz, ücretsiz indir, bedava, bedava indir, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, resim, müzik, şarkı, film, film, oyun, oyunlar, mobil, cep telefonu, telefon, android, ios, apple, samsung, iphone, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, pc, web, computer, bilgisayar
Eel Nehri Atabasklari Ingilizce Eel River Athabascan Athabaskan Athapascan Athapaskan peoples Kenesti Kuneste Amerika Birlesik Devletleri nin kuzeybati Kaliforniya eyaletinde Eel Nehri civarinda yasayan ve adlarini da buradan alan avci ve toplayici animist ya da samanist Kaliforniya Kizilderilileri kultur grubundan Kizilderili halki Atabasklarin Pasifik Atabasklari grubunun alt grubunda yer alirlar Diger ABD Kizilderilileri gibi Eel Nehri Atabasklari da yasal olarak Kizilderili rezervasyonu adi verilen kamp benzeri toplama yerlesimlerde yasamak zorundadirlar Eel Nehri Atabasklari Eel River Athapaskans Eel Nehri Atabasklarinin cografyasiOnemli nufusa sahip bolgelerABD Kaliforniya DillerEel Nehri AtabaskcasiDinHristiyanlik Animizm Gunumuzde Wailaki kabilesinden bazi Atabasklar ve rezervlerinde yasarlar KabilelerLassikler Nongatllar Sinkyoneler Kuzey Sinkyoneleri Northern Sinkyone Guney Sinkyoneleri Southern Sinkyone Shelter Cove Sinkyone Wailakiler Eel Wailaki North Fork Wailaki Pitch Wailaki Kimileri Katolar ile de Eel Nehri Atabasklari icinde siniflandirir KomsulariKuzeyde Hupalar ve Atabasklariyla bati kiyisinda Atabasklariyla ve guneyde Kato Atabasklari ve Yukilerle komsudurlar NufusAlfred L Kroeber 1925 883 1770 yilindaki nufus tahmini olarak Nongatl Sinkyone ve Lassik icin 2 000 Wailaki icin ise 1 000 rakamini verir 1976 4 700 rakamini Nongatl Sinkyone Lassik Wailaki Mattole ve Katolarin toplami icin verir Martin A Baumhoff 1958 2 325 Nongatl 4 221 Sinkyone 1 411 Lassik 2 760 Wailaki olarak verir toplam 10 717 Eel Nehri Atabask nufusuna ulasir Kroeber 1910 yilindaki nufusularini ise Nongatl Sinkyone ve Lassik icin 100 Wailaki icin 200 rakamini verir KatliamlarTarihte Eel Nehri Atabasklarindan Wailaki kabilesine yonelik iki katliam kaydedilmistir 1861 Horse Canyon Katliami Beyaz yerlesimciler ve muttefigi Kizilderililer tarafindan Horse Canyon daki bir Wailaki koyune saldiri duzenlenmesi ve 240 Wailakinin oldurulmesi 1862 Upper Station Katliami Kaliforniyali Beyaz yerlesimciler tarafindan da en az 20 Wailaki Kizilderilisinin oldurulmesi Kaynakca California Indians and Their Reservations 11 Mart 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde San Diego State University Library and Information Access 2009 retrieved 27 July 2009 California Indians and Their Reservations G 10 Ocak 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde San Diego State University Library and Information Access 2010 retrieved 30 June 2010 Heizer Robert F volume editor Handbook of North American Indians Volume 8 California Washington DC Smithsonian Institution 1978 ISBN 978 0 16 004574 5 Baumgardner Frank Killing for Land in Early California Indian Blood at Round Valley Algora Publishing 2006 sayfa 204 206 Baumgardner Frank Killing for Land in Early California Indian Blood at Round Valley Algora Publishing 2006 sayfa 243BibliyografyaBaumgardner Frank Killing for Land in Early California Indian Blood at Round Valley Algora Publishing 2006 312 pages ISBN 978 0 87586 364 1 Baumhoff Martin A 1958 California Athabascan Groups Anthropological Records 16 157 238 University of California Berkeley Cook Sherburne F 1976 The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization University of California Press Berkeley Curtis Edward S 1907 1930 The North American Indian 20 vols Plimpton Press Norwood Massachusetts Seven Wailaki myths including Theft of Fire collected from North Fork John vol 14 pp 167 169 Driver Harold E 1937 Culture Element Distributions X Northwest California Anthropological Records 1 297 433 University of California Berkeley Includes data on Nongatl Elsasser Albert B 1976 Mattole Nongatl Sinkyone Lassik and Wailaki In California edited by Robert F Heizer pp 190 204 Handbook of North American Indians vol 8 William C Sturtevant general editor Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Essene Frank 1942 Culture Element Distributions XXI Round Valley Anthropological Records 8 1 97 University of California Press Berkeley Five Lassik narratives including Theft of Fire pp 93 96 Goddard Pliny E 1906 Lassik Tales Journal of American Folklore 19 133 140 Nine narratives collected in 1903 including Theft of Fire and Bear and Fawns Goddard Pliny E 1921 1923 Wailaki Texts International Journal of American Linguistics 2 77 135 36 myths including Theft of Fire Kroeber A L 1919 Sinkyone Tales Journal of American Folklore 32 346 351 Narratives from George Burt and Mrs Tom Bell including Theft of Fire and Bear and Fawns with comparative notes Kroeber A L 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No 78 Washington D C Volume 1 Page 142 158 Loeb Edwin M 1932 The Western Kuksu Cult University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33 1 137 Berkeley Note on Wailaki mythology pp 73 75 Nomland Gladys Ayer 1935 Sinkyone Notes University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 36 149 178 Berkeley Myths collected in 1928 1929 pp 170 174 Seaburg William R 1977 The Man Who Married a Grizzly Girl Wailaki In Northern Californian Texts edited by Victor Golla and Shirley Silver pp 114 120 International Journal of American Linguistics Native American Texts Series No 2 2 University of Chicago Press Seaburg William R 1977 A Wailaki Athapaskan Text with Comparative Notes International Journal of American Linguistics 43 327 332 A short myth collected from John Tip by Fang Kuei Li in 1927 Thompson Stith 1929 Tales of the North American Indians Harvard University Press Cambridge Massachusetts Bear and Fawns narrative pp 153 154 from Goddard 1906