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Hobo, göçmen işçi ya da evsiz avare gezen beş parasız kimse. Terim ABD'de batıda, büyük olasılıkla 1890 yılında ortaya çıkmıştır. Serserilerin aksine hobolar seyyar işçilerdir.
Kültür
| Hobo terimleri | Açıklama |
|---|---|
| Konaklama arabası | yük vagonu |
| Angellina | genç deneyimsiz çocuk |
| Kötü yol | bazı hoboların kötü davranışlarından işe yaramaz hâle gelen tren yolu |
| Banjo | (1) küçük taşınabilir kızartma tavası; (2) kısa saplı kürek |
| Barnacle (Yabankazı) | bir işi bir ya da daha uzun yıllar yapan kimse |
| Beachcomber (Okyanus dalgası) | bir liman veya rıhtım etrafında dolaşan hobo |
| Büyük ev | hapishane |
| Bindle stick | eşyaların bir araya getirilip beze sarılıp sopaya takılması, çıkın yapma a collection of belongings wrapped in cloth and tied around a stick |
| Bindlestiff | Çıkın taşıyan |
| Camda üfleyen | samimi güvenilir birisi |
| 'Bo | Bir hobonun diğerini tanımlamak için kullandığı söz: "Geçen bahar Bangor yolunda bir Bo ile tanıştım" |
| Kaynatmak | genellikle, bitleri ve yumurtalarını öldürmek için elbiseleri kaynatmak |
| Kemik parlatıcı | köpek |
| Kemik bahçesi | mezarlık |
| Boğa | trenyolu görevlisi |
| Mermiler | fasulyeler |
| Buck | Katolik rahip |
| Burger | bugünün öğle yemeği |
| C, H ve D | Bir kişinin üşüdüğünü, acıktığını ve susadığını gösterir |
| Kaliforniya battaniyesi | gazeteler, banklarda yatak olarak kullanılmaları nedeniyle |
Hobo işaretleri (semboller)
Hobolar hayatlarının belirsizliği nedeniyle bir sembol sistemi ya da görsel kod sistemi geliştirmişlerdir. Hobolar diğer "kardeşlerine" yön, bilgi ve uyarı sağlamak için tebeşir veya kömür kullanarak bu kodları yazarlar. Bir sembol, "burada sağa dönün", "düşman trenyolu polisinden kaçın", "tehlikeli köpek", "yiyecek mevcut" gibi anlamlara gelmektedir. Bazı sık kullanılan işaretler:
- haç işareti: "melek gıda" yani vaazdan sonra hobolara ikram yapılıyor.
- ellerin olduğu bir üçgen: ev sahibi silahlı.
- yatay bir zigzag: havlayan bir köpek
- üst kenarı eksik kare: güvenli kamp yapılabilir.
- üst şapka ve üçgen: zenginlik
- bir mızrak ucu: kendini koru.
Kitaplar
- All the Strange Hours: The Excavation of a Life, by , 1975.
- American Travels of a Dutch hobo 1923-1926, by , 1984, .
- by - Humor book which features a lengthy section on "hobos", including a list of 700 hobo names which spawned an online effort to illustrate the complete list.
- , by
- Beggars of Life, (1924), by
- by Anonymous
- From Coast to Coast with Jack London by "A-No.-1" ()
- Hard Travellin': The Hobo and His History, by Kenneth Allsop. .
- , by Eddy Joe Cotton, 2002.
- The Hobo - The Sociology of the Homeless Man, by , 1923.
- The Hobo Handbook - A Field Guide to Living by Your Own Rules, by , 2011. (Book on the Hobo lifestyle, written by one who has ridden the rails in recent years.)
- by , 1983. A -winning novel, also adapted for a 1987 film (see below).
- by Upton Sinclair contains a section in which the main character, , abandons his family in Chicago and becomes a hobo for a while.
- Knights of the Road, by Roger A. Bruns, 1980. .
- Lonesome Road, by Thomas Minehan, 1941.
- , by Jack Kerouac ("The Vanishing American Hobo")
- by
- Muzzlers, Guzzlers, and Good Yeggs by
- Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck
- On the Road, by Jack Kerouac
- Once a Hobo... (1999), by Monte Holm
- One More Train to Ride: The Underground World of Modern American Hobos by .
- Riding the Rails: Teenagers on the Move During the Great Depression by , (Routledge, 2003)
- Riding Toward Everywhere by , 2008.
- , by Jack London
- Rolling Nowhere: Riding the Rails with America's Hoboes by - Paperback: 304 pages, Publisher: Vintage (September 11, 2001),
- Sister of The Road: The Autobiography of - (as told to) Dr.
- , By Carol Gorman and Ron J. Finley
- Tales of an American Hobo (1989), by Charles Elmer Fox
- Tramping on Life (1922) and More Miles (1926), by
- Waiting for Nothing,
- , by
Mizah
- (1988), by and
- , by Adam Koford, featuring two anthropomorphic cats as hobos.
- Many cartoons depict hobos as main or secondary characters, hobo related activities such as traveling by train, with a , or in company of hobos. For example, 8 Ball Bunny (1950) with Bugs Bunny, Merrie Melodies Hobo Gadget Band (1939), Mouse Wreckers (1948) and MGM's Henpecked Hoboes (1948).
- The Avenger and master archer in Marvel Comics, is aware of, and can read Hobo Code in and 2012 run on the character.
- USA Comics #5 (1941) had a character, Butch Brogan, alias Fighting Hobo, that helps save a kidnapped puppy in the "The Dog-Nappers."
- USA Comics #2 (1941) introduced Vagabond, a police officer named Pat Murphy who created an alter ego, Chauncey Throttlebottom III, a well spoken hobo, to fight crime.
Filmler
- (1933), directed by William A. Wellman
- Sullivan's Travels (1941), directed by Preston Sturges.
- Emperor of the North Pole aka Emperor of the North (1973), directed by Robert Aldrich. OCLC 70283150. Loosely based on Jack London's The Road.
- aka The Streetfighter (1975), directed by (his directorial debut), and starring Charles Bronson (as a hobo turned ) and James Coburn (as a gambler who becomes his manager).
- (1977), starring Tim Conway and .
- (1985), young girl riding the rails to find her father.
- Ironweed (1987), directed by Héctor Babenco and based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by , who also wrote the screenplay. Stars Jack Nicholson and Meryl Streep, with Carroll Baker, Michael O'Keefe, Diane Venora, Fred Gwynne, Nathan Lane, and Tom Waits in supporting roles.
- (1991), directed by and starring Mel Brooks.
- Tokyo Godfathers (2003), an anime directed by Satoshi Kon.
- Into the Wild (2007), directed by Sean Penn, based on non-fiction book about Christopher McCandless.
- (2007), starring Samuel L. Jackson and Josh Hartnett, directed by .
- (2008), starring Abigail Breslin, Chris O'Donnell, Julia Ormond and Max Thieriot. Directed by .
- (2011), an directed by Jason Eisener and written by John Davies, starring Rutger Hauer as a hobo.
- The Muppets (2011), the film features a character named Hobo Joe (played by Zach Galifianakis) and even featured some Hobos. They later appeared in the sequel Muppets Most Wanted (2014).
- Man of Steel (2013) depicts Clark Kent living as a homeless itinerant worker before ultimately taking the mantle of Superman and finding work as a reporter at the .
Belgeseller
- , "Riding the Rails" (1999), a PBS documentary by Lexy Lovell and Michael Uys, narrated by Richard Thomas, detailing the hobos of the Great Depression, with interviews of those who rode the rails during those years.
- Hobo (1992), a documentary by , following the life of a hobo on his travels through the United States.
- "", (2008), a documentary by Charles Kinnane. The first experience follows Jeffrey and his brother Clifford to the streets of New York City where the boys live with the homeless for a week in one of the coldest winters on record. The boys look for hope and camaraderie among their homeless companions, learning how to survive on the streets.
- (2003), a documentary Narrated by Ernest Borgnine featuring interviews with Merle Haggard and .
Şarkılar
Musicians known for hobo songs include , , , , , and .
Examples of hobo songs include:
- "" by , recorded by various artists including Burl Ives, Tom Waits, Lisa Loeb, , and Harry Dean Stanton.
- "" recorded by Harry McClintock, , and others
- "Hard Travelin'" and "" by Woody Guthrie
- by the Pixies is about hobos travelling on trains in California and dying because of earthquakes.
- "Hobo" by
- "Hobo Bill", "I Ain't Got No Home" and "Mysteries of a Hobo's Life" by
- "Hobo Bill's Last Ride" by , also recorded by
- "Hobo Blues" and "The Hobo" by John Lee Hooker
- "Hobo Chang Ba" by
- "Hobo Flats" by
- "Hobo Jungle" by The Band
- "Hobo Kinda Man" by Lynyrd Skynyrd
- "The Hobo Song" by John Prine also covered by Johnny Cash
- "The Hobo Song" by Jack Bonus which was covered by Jerry Garcia's Bluegrass group,
- "" (aka "Weary Hobo"), written by , recorded by various artists including Woody Guthrie, , Emmylou Harris, Pete Seeger, , and Ramblin' Jack Eliot
- "Hobos on Parade" by
- "", "Only a Hobo" and "Ramblin' Gamblin' Willie" by Bob Dylan
- "" by and
- "" a recording of a hobo singing on a London street, by composer .
- "" by
- "Kulkurin Valssi" (Hobo Waltz) by
- "Lännen lokari" (Western Logger) by
- "Last of the Hobo Kings" by
- "" by
- "Mary Lane" by
- "Morning Glory" by Tim Buckley lyrics by
- "Never Tire of the Road" by
- "Papa Hobo" and "Hobo's Blues" by Paul Simon
- "" by
- "Sergeant Small" by
- "" by
- "" by Jimmie Rodgers
- "Hopscotch Willie" by
- "Western Hobo" by
- "Hobo Flats" by Count Basie
- "Hobo, You Can't Ride This Train" by Louis Armstrong
Televizyon
- , episode 22 "To Quote a Dead Man" (1973)
- , episode 5 "Catching Out" (2008)
- Mad Men (season 1), episode 8, "" (2007)
- In The Simpsons, Grampa explains hobo symbols to Bart.
Sahne
- King of the Hobos (2014), a one-man musical that premiered at Emerging Artists Theatre in New York City, is centered around the death of , known during his lifetime as the "Millionaire Hobo".
Kaynakça
- ^ a b "On Hobos, Hautboys, and Other Beaus". OUPblog. Oxford University Press. 12 Kasım 2008. 5 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2009.
- ^ Mencken, H.L. (1937). . (4th ed.). grammarphobia.com (July 25, 2009). 5 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2013.
- ^ Moon, Gypsy: "Done and Been", page 198. Indiana University Press, 1996.
- ^ Moon, Gypsy: "Done and Been", page 24. Indiana University Press, 1996.
- ^ "American Travels of a Dutch Hobo, 1923-1926: Gerard Leeflang: 9780813808888: Amazon.com: Books". Amazon.com. 9 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynağından . Erişim tarihi: 7 Mayıs 2013.
- ^ . Erroluys.com. 17 Nisan 1933. 22 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Mayıs 2013.
- ^ . Frankblack.net. 26 Aralık 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Mayıs 2013.
- ^ [1] 3 Kasım 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .. Brown Paper Tickets, accessed October 11, 2014
| Wikimedia Commons'ta Hobo ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır. |
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
- Brady, Jonann (2005). "Hobos Elect New King and Queen"30 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .. ABC Good Morning America, includes Todd "Ad Man" Waters' last ride as reigning Hobo King plus hobo slide show with Adman’s photo’s taken on the road.
- Bannister, Matthew (2006). "Maurice W Graham 'Steam Train', Grand Patriarch of America's Hobos who has died aged 89"8 Kasım 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .. Last Word. BBC Radio. Matthew Bannister talks to fellow King of the Hobos "Ad Man" Waters and to obituary editor of The New York Times, Bill McDonald.
- Davis, Jason (2007). , On The Road 30 minute special. KSTP television. Covers "Ad Man" Waters taking his daughter out on her first freight ride.
- Harper, Douglas (2006)[1986]. "Waiting for a Train"30 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde ., Excerpt from Good Company: A Tramp Life
- Johnson, L. Anderson. "Riding the Rails for the Homeless." "The New York Times." July 12, 1983, sec B page 3, col 3. Story on "Ad Man" Waters The Penny Route.
- Oats. "Around the Jungle Fire I, II & III." 1994, 1997, 2000. Interviews with several hobos: How they got their start, and travels and travails.
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Hobo gocmen isci ya da evsiz avare gezen bes parasiz kimse Terim ABD de batida buyuk olasilikla 1890 yilinda ortaya cikmistir Serserilerin aksine hobolar seyyar iscilerdir Iki Hobo trenden atildiktan sonra trenyolu boyunca yuruyor Biri bir tasiyor KulturCutaway illustration of a hobo stove an improvised portable heat producing and cooking device utilizing air convectionHobo terimleri AciklamaKonaklama arabasi yuk vagonuAngellina genc deneyimsiz cocukKotu yol bazi hobolarin kotu davranislarindan ise yaramaz hale gelen tren yoluBanjo 1 kucuk tasinabilir kizartma tavasi 2 kisa sapli kurekBarnacle Yabankazi bir isi bir ya da daha uzun yillar yapan kimseBeachcomber Okyanus dalgasi bir liman veya rihtim etrafinda dolasan hoboBuyuk ev hapishaneBindle stick esyalarin bir araya getirilip beze sarilip sopaya takilmasi cikin yapma a collection of belongings wrapped in cloth and tied around a stickBindlestiff Cikin tasiyanCamda ufleyen samimi guvenilir birisi Bo Bir hobonun digerini tanimlamak icin kullandigi soz Gecen bahar Bangor yolunda bir Bo ile tanistim Kaynatmak genellikle bitleri ve yumurtalarini oldurmek icin elbiseleri kaynatmakKemik parlatici kopekKemik bahcesi mezarlikBoga trenyolu gorevlisiMermiler fasulyelerBuck Katolik rahipBurger bugunun ogle yemegiC H ve D Bir kisinin usudugunu aciktigini ve susadigini gosterirKaliforniya battaniyesi gazeteler banklarda yatak olarak kullanilmalari nedeniyleHobo isaretleri semboller Hobo isaretleri California ca 1870sNew Orleans Louisiana da girisinde Hobo kodlari Hobolar hayatlarinin belirsizligi nedeniyle bir sembol sistemi ya da gorsel kod sistemi gelistirmislerdir Hobolar diger kardeslerine yon bilgi ve uyari saglamak icin tebesir veya komur kullanarak bu kodlari yazarlar Bir sembol burada saga donun dusman trenyolu polisinden kacin tehlikeli kopek yiyecek mevcut gibi anlamlara gelmektedir Bazi sik kullanilan isaretler hac isareti melek gida yani vaazdan sonra hobolara ikram yapiliyor ellerin oldugu bir ucgen ev sahibi silahli yatay bir zigzag havlayan bir kopek ust kenari eksik kare guvenli kamp yapilabilir ust sapka ve ucgen zenginlik bir mizrak ucu kendini koru KitaplarAll the Strange Hours The Excavation of a Life by 1975 ISBN 978 0 8032 6741 1 American Travels of a Dutch hobo 1923 1926 by 1984 ISBN 978 0813808888 by Humor book which features a lengthy section on hobos including a list of 700 hobo names which spawned an online effort to illustrate the complete list by Beggars of Life 1924 by by Anonymous From Coast to Coast with Jack London by A No 1 Hard Travellin The Hobo and His History by Kenneth Allsop ISBN 978 0 340 02572 7 by Eddy Joe Cotton 2002 ISBN 978 0 609 60738 1 The Hobo The Sociology of the Homeless Man by 1923 The Hobo Handbook A Field Guide to Living by Your Own Rules by 2011 ISBN 978 1 4405 1227 8 Book on the Hobo lifestyle written by one who has ridden the rails in recent years by 1983 A winning novel also adapted for a 1987 film see below by Upton Sinclair contains a section in which the main character abandons his family in Chicago and becomes a hobo for a while Knights of the Road by Roger A Bruns 1980 ISBN 978 0 416 00721 3 Lonesome Road by Thomas Minehan 1941 by Jack Kerouac The Vanishing American Hobo by Muzzlers Guzzlers and Good Yeggs by Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck On the Road by Jack Kerouac Once a Hobo 1999 by Monte Holm One More Train to Ride The Underground World of Modern American Hobos by Riding the Rails Teenagers on the Move During the Great Depression by Routledge 2003 ISBN 978 0 415 94575 2 Riding Toward Everywhere by 2008 ISBN 978 0 06 125675 2 by Jack London Rolling Nowhere Riding the Rails with America s Hoboes by Paperback 304 pages Publisher Vintage September 11 2001 ISBN 0 375 72786 8 Sister of The Road The Autobiography of as told to Dr By Carol Gorman and Ron J Finley Tales of an American Hobo 1989 by Charles Elmer Fox Tramping on Life 1922 and More Miles 1926 by Waiting for Nothing byMizah 1988 by and by Adam Koford featuring two anthropomorphic cats as hobos Many cartoons depict hobos as main or secondary characters hobo related activities such as traveling by train with a or in company of hobos For example 8 Ball Bunny 1950 with Bugs Bunny Merrie Melodies Hobo Gadget Band 1939 Mouse Wreckers 1948 and MGM s Henpecked Hoboes 1948 The Avenger and master archer in Marvel Comics is aware of and can read Hobo Code in and 2012 run on the character USA Comics 5 1941 had a character Butch Brogan alias Fighting Hobo that helps save a kidnapped puppy in the The Dog Nappers USA Comics 2 1941 introduced Vagabond a police officer named Pat Murphy who created an alter ego Chauncey Throttlebottom III a well spoken hobo to fight crime Filmler 1933 directed by William A Wellman Sullivan s Travels 1941 directed by Preston Sturges Emperor of the North Pole aka Emperor of the North 1973 directed by Robert Aldrich OCLC 70283150 Loosely based on Jack London s The Road aka The Streetfighter 1975 directed by his directorial debut and starring Charles Bronson as a hobo turned and James Coburn as a gambler who becomes his manager 1977 starring Tim Conway and 1985 young girl riding the rails to find her father Ironweed 1987 directed by Hector Babenco and based on the Pulitzer Prize winning novel by who also wrote the screenplay Stars Jack Nicholson and Meryl Streep with Carroll Baker Michael O Keefe Diane Venora Fred Gwynne Nathan Lane and Tom Waits in supporting roles 1991 directed by and starring Mel Brooks Tokyo Godfathers 2003 an anime directed by Satoshi Kon Into the Wild 2007 directed by Sean Penn based on non fiction book about Christopher McCandless 2007 starring Samuel L Jackson and Josh Hartnett directed by 2008 starring Abigail Breslin Chris O Donnell Julia Ormond and Max Thieriot Directed by 2011 an directed by Jason Eisener and written by John Davies starring Rutger Hauer as a hobo The Muppets 2011 the film features a character named Hobo Joe played by Zach Galifianakis and even featured some Hobos They later appeared in the sequel Muppets Most Wanted 2014 Man of Steel 2013 depicts Clark Kent living as a homeless itinerant worker before ultimately taking the mantle of Superman and finding work as a reporter at the Belgeseller Riding the Rails 1999 a PBS documentary by Lexy Lovell and Michael Uys narrated by Richard Thomas detailing the hobos of the Great Depression with interviews of those who rode the rails during those years Hobo 1992 a documentary by following the life of a hobo on his travels through the United States 2008 a documentary by Charles Kinnane The first experience follows Jeffrey and his brother Clifford to the streets of New York City where the boys live with the homeless for a week in one of the coldest winters on record The boys look for hope and camaraderie among their homeless companions learning how to survive on the streets 2003 a documentary Narrated by Ernest Borgnine featuring interviews with Merle Haggard and SarkilarMusicians known for hobo songs include and Examples of hobo songs include by recorded by various artists including Burl Ives Tom Waits Lisa Loeb and Harry Dean Stanton recorded by Harry McClintock and others Hard Travelin and by Woody Guthrie by the Pixies is about hobos travelling on trains in California and dying because of earthquakes Hobo by Hobo Bill I Ain t Got No Home and Mysteries of a Hobo s Life by Hobo Bill s Last Ride by also recorded by Hobo Blues and The Hobo by John Lee Hooker Hobo Chang Ba by Hobo Flats by Hobo Jungle by The Band Hobo Kinda Man by Lynyrd Skynyrd The Hobo Song by John Prine also covered by Johnny Cash The Hobo Song by Jack Bonus which was covered by Jerry Garcia s Bluegrass group aka Weary Hobo written by recorded by various artists including Woody Guthrie Emmylou Harris Pete Seeger and Ramblin Jack Eliot Hobos on Parade by Only a Hobo and Ramblin Gamblin Willie by Bob Dylan by and a recording of a hobo singing on a London street by composer by Kulkurin Valssi Hobo Waltz by Lannen lokari Western Logger by Last of the Hobo Kings by by Mary Lane by Morning Glory by Tim Buckley lyrics by Never Tire of the Road by Papa Hobo and Hobo s Blues by Paul Simon by Sergeant Small by by by Jimmie Rodgers Hopscotch Willie by Western Hobo by Hobo Flats by Count Basie Hobo You Can t Ride This Train by Louis ArmstrongTelevizyon episode 22 To Quote a Dead Man 1973 episode 5 Catching Out 2008 Mad Men season 1 episode 8 2007 In The Simpsons Grampa explains hobo symbols to Bart SahneKing of the Hobos 2014 a one man musical that premiered at Emerging Artists Theatre in New York City is centered around the death of known during his lifetime as the Millionaire Hobo Kaynakca a b On Hobos Hautboys and Other Beaus OUPblog Oxford University Press 12 Kasim 2008 5 Eylul 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 5 Agustos 2009 Mencken H L 1937 4th ed grammarphobia com July 25 2009 5 Mayis 2012 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 6 Mayis 2013 Moon Gypsy Done and Been page 198 Indiana University Press 1996 Moon Gypsy Done and Been page 24 Indiana University Press 1996 American Travels of a Dutch Hobo 1923 1926 Gerard Leeflang 9780813808888 Amazon com Books Amazon com 9 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynagindan Erisim tarihi 7 Mayis 2013 Erroluys com 17 Nisan 1933 22 Kasim 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 7 Mayis 2013 Frankblack net 26 Aralik 2012 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 7 Mayis 2013 1 3 Kasim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Brown Paper Tickets accessed October 11 2014 Wikimedia Commons ta Hobo ile ilgili ortam dosyalari bulunmaktadir Konuyla ilgili yayinlarBrady Jonann 2005 Hobos Elect New King and Queen 30 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde ABC Good Morning America includes Todd Ad Man Waters last ride as reigning Hobo King plus hobo slide show with Adman s photo s taken on the road Bannister Matthew 2006 Maurice W Graham Steam Train Grand Patriarch of America s Hobos who has died aged 89 8 Kasim 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Last Word BBC Radio Matthew Bannister talks to fellow King of the Hobos Ad Man Waters and to obituary editor of The New York Times Bill McDonald Davis Jason 2007 On The Road 30 minute special KSTP television Covers Ad Man Waters taking his daughter out on her first freight ride Harper Douglas 2006 1986 Waiting for a Train 30 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Excerpt from Good Company A Tramp Life ISBN 978 1 59451 184 4 Johnson L Anderson Riding the Rails for the Homeless The New York Times July 12 1983 sec B page 3 col 3 Story on Ad Man Waters The Penny Route Oats Around the Jungle Fire I II amp III 1994 1997 2000 Interviews with several hobos How they got their start and travels and travails