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Roma imparatorluk kültü, imparatorları ve ailelerinin bazı üyelerini, Roma Devleti'nin ilahi olarak onaylanmış otoritesi (auctoritas) ile özdeşleştiren tanımlamadır. Çerçevesi Roma ve Yunan emsallerine dayanıyordu ve Augustus'un ilk yönetimi sırasında formüle edildi. Anlam ve ifadesinde belirgin yerel farklılıklarla, İmparatorluk ve vilayetlerinde hızla yerleştirilmiştir.
Augustus'un reformları; Roma'nın Cumhuriyet hükûmet sistemini, geleneksel Roma uygulamaları ve Cumhuriyet değerlerinde ifade edilen de facto bir monarşiye dönüştürdü. Princeps'in (imparator) Roma ordusunun, Senato ve halkının çıkarlarını dengelemesi ve etnik açıdan çeşitlilik gösteren imparatorlukta barışı, güvenliği ve refahı sürdürmesi bekleniyordu. Yaşayan bir imparatora resmi kült teklifi, makamının ve yönetiminin ilahi olarak onaylanmış ve anayasal olduğunu kabul etmekteydi. Bu nedenle imparator geleneksel Cumhuriyet tanrılarına ve törelerine dindar bir saygı göstermeliydi.
Bu şerefe layık görülen merhum bir imparator, Senato tarafından bir devlet tanrısı (divus, çoğul divi) olarak seçilebilir ve bu şekilde bir apotheosis eylemiyde yükseltilebilirdi. Apotheosis'in bahşedilmesi, İmparatorluk yöneticileri üzerinde dini, siyasi ve ahlaki yargıya hizmet etti. Yaşayan imparatorların, popüler olmayan veya değersiz seleflerinin dışlandığı, saygın bir İmparatorluk divi soyu ile ilişki kurmalarına izin verdi. Bu, Nero'nun ölümü ve iç savaşın ardından Flavian İmparatorluk Hanedanlığını kurmasında Vespasian'a ve Commodus'un öldürülmesinden sonra Severan hanedanını sağlamlaştırmasında Septimius'a yararlı bir araç olmuştur.
Ayrıca bakınız
Notlar
- ^ The imperial cult in Roman Britain-Google docs
Referanslar ve daha fazla okuma
- Imperial ideology and provincial loyalty in the Roman Empire. Illustrated. University of California Press. 2000. ISBN . Yazar
|ad1=eksik|soyadı1=() - Beard, M., Price, S., North, J., Religions of Rome: Volume 1, a History, illustrated, Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN
- Beard, M., Price, S., North, J., Religions of Rome: Volume 2, a sourcebook, illustrated, Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN
- Beard, Mary: The Roman Triumph, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, England, 2007. ISBN
- Bowersock, G., Brown, P. R .L., Graba, O., (eds), Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, Harvard University Press, 1999. ISBN
- Bowman, A., Cameron, A., Garnsey, P., (eds) The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337, 2nd Edn., Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN
- Brent, A., The imperial cult and the development of church order: concepts and images of authority in paganism and early Christianity before the Age of Cyprian, illustrated, Brill Publishers, 1999. ISBN
- Cannadine, D., and Price, S., (eds) Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies, reprint, illustrated, Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN
- Chow, John K., Patronage and power: a study of social networks in Corinth, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1992. ISBN
- Collins, Adela Yarbro, Crisis and catharsis: the power of the Apocalypse, Westminster John Knox Press, 1984. ISBN
- Elsner, J., "Cult and Sculpture; Sacrifice in the Ara Pacis Augustae", in the Journal of Roman Studies, 81, 1991, 50–60.
- Ferguson, Everett, Backgrounds of early Christianity, 3rd edition, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003. ISBN
- Fishwick, Duncan, The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire, volume 1, Brill Publishers, 1991. ISBN
- Fishwick, Duncan, The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire, volume 3, Brill Publishers, 2002. ISBN
- Fishwick, Duncan, "Numen Augustum," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 160 (2007), pp. 247–255, Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn (Germany).
- Freisen, S. J., Imperial cults and the Apocalypse of John: reading Revelation in the ruins, Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN
- Gradel, Ittai, Emperor Worship and Roman Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN
- Haase, W., Temporini, H., (eds), Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt, de Gruyter, 1991. ISBN
- Harland, P., "Honours and Worship: Emperors, Imperial Cults and Associations at Ephesus (First to Third Centuries C.E.)", originally published in Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses 25, 1996. Online in same pagination:
- Harland, P., "Imperial Cults within Local Cultural Life: Associations in Roman Asia", originally published in Ancient History Bulletin / Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 17, 2003. Online in same pagination:
- Howgego, C., Heuchert, V., Burnett, A., (eds), Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces, Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN
- Lee, A.D., Pagans and Christians in late antiquity: a sourcebook, illustrated, Routledge, 2000. ISBN
- Lott, John. B., The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN
- MacCormack, Sabine, Change and Continuity in Late Antiquity: the ceremony of "Adventus", Historia, 21, 4, 1972, pp 721–52.
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- Momigliano, Arnaldo, On Pagans, Jews, and Christians, reprint, Wesleyan University Press, 1987. ISBN
- Niehoff, Maren R., Philo on Jewish identity and culture, Mohr Siebeck, English trans GW/Coronet Books, 2001. ISBN
- Nixon, C.E.V., and Rodgers, Barbara S., In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyric Latini, University Presses of California, Columbia and Princeton, 1995. ISBN
- Potter, David S., The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395, Routledge, 2004. ISBN
- Price, S.R.F. Rituals and power: the Roman imperial cult in Asia Minor, (reprint, illustrated). Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN
- Diocletian and the Tetrarchy. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press. 2004. ISBN . Yazar
|ad1=eksik|soyadı1=() - Rehak, Paul, and Younger, John Grimes, Imperium and cosmos: Augustus and the northern Campus Martius, illustrated, University of Wisconsin Press, 2006. ISBN
- Rosenstein, Nathan S., Imperatores Victi: Military Defeat and Aristocratic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Ark.CDlib.org 7 Ağustos 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Rüpke, Jörg (Editor), A Companion to Roman Religion, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007,
- Severy, Beth, Augustus and the family at the birth of the Roman Empire, Routledge, 2003. ISBN
- Smallwood, E., Mary, The Jews under Roman rule: from Pompey to Diocletian: a study in political relations, illustrated, Brill Publishers, 2001. ISBN
- Taylor, Lily Ross, The Divinity of the Roman Emperor, American Philological Association, 1931; repr. Arno Press, 1975.
- Theuws, Frans, and Nelson, Janet L., Rituals of power: from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages, Brill Publishers, 2000. ISBN
- Versnel, H S: Triumphus: An Inquiry into the Origin, Development and Meaning of the Roman Triumph, Leiden, 1970.
- Vout, Caroline, Power and eroticism in Imperial Rome, illustrated, Cambridge University Press, 2007. ISBN
- Walbank, Frank W., Selected Papers: Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography, Cambridge University Press, 1986 (pp 120–137). ISBN
- Weinstock, Stefan. Divus Iulius. Oxford (Clarendon Press/OUP). 1971.
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Roma imparatorluk kultu imparatorlari ve ailelerinin bazi uyelerini Roma Devleti nin ilahi olarak onaylanmis otoritesi auctoritas ile ozdeslestiren tanimlamadir Cercevesi Roma ve Yunan emsallerine dayaniyordu ve Augustus un ilk yonetimi sirasinda formule edildi Anlam ve ifadesinde belirgin yerel farkliliklarla Imparatorluk ve vilayetlerinde hizla yerlestirilmistir Augustus un reformlari Roma nin Cumhuriyet hukumet sistemini geleneksel Roma uygulamalari ve Cumhuriyet degerlerinde ifade edilen de facto bir monarsiye donusturdu Princeps in imparator Roma ordusunun Senato ve halkinin cikarlarini dengelemesi ve etnik acidan cesitlilik gosteren imparatorlukta barisi guvenligi ve refahi surdurmesi bekleniyordu Yasayan bir imparatora resmi kult teklifi makaminin ve yonetiminin ilahi olarak onaylanmis ve anayasal oldugunu kabul etmekteydi Bu nedenle imparator geleneksel Cumhuriyet tanrilarina ve torelerine dindar bir saygi gostermeliydi Bu serefe layik gorulen merhum bir imparator Senato tarafindan bir devlet tanrisi divus cogul divi olarak secilebilir ve bu sekilde bir apotheosis eylemiyde yukseltilebilirdi Apotheosis in bahsedilmesi Imparatorluk yoneticileri uzerinde dini siyasi ve ahlaki yargiya hizmet etti Yasayan imparatorlarin populer olmayan veya degersiz seleflerinin dislandigi saygin bir Imparatorluk divi soyu ile iliski kurmalarina izin verdi Bu Nero nun olumu ve ic savasin ardindan Flavian Imparatorluk Hanedanligini kurmasinda Vespasian a ve Commodus un oldurulmesinden sonra Severan hanedanini saglamlastirmasinda Septimius a yararli bir arac olmustur Venus ve Mars heykel grubu bir Imparatorluk ciftini tasvir etmek icin elden gecirilmis MS 120 140 ta olusturuldu 170 175 te elden gecirildi Augustus Jove olarak elinde asa ve kure tutuyor MS 1 yuzyilin ilk yarisi Ayrica bakinizAra PacisNotlar The imperial cult in Roman Britain Google docsReferanslar ve daha fazla okumaImperial ideology and provincial loyalty in the Roman Empire Illustrated University of California Press 2000 ISBN 0 520 22067 6 Yazar ad1 eksik soyadi1 yardim Beard M Price S North J Religions of Rome Volume 1 a History illustrated Cambridge University Press 1998 0 521 31682 0ISBN 0 521 31682 0 Beard M Price S North J Religions of Rome Volume 2 a sourcebook illustrated Cambridge University Press 1998 0 521 45646 0ISBN 0 521 45646 0 Beard Mary The Roman Triumph The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge Mass and London England 2007 978 0 674 02613 1ISBN 978 0 674 02613 1 Bowersock G Brown P R L Graba O eds Late Antiquity A Guide to the Postclassical World Harvard University Press 1999 978 0 674 51173 6ISBN 978 0 674 51173 6 Bowman A Cameron A Garnsey P eds The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12 The Crisis of Empire AD 193 337 2nd Edn Cambridge University Press 2005 0 521 30199 8ISBN 0 521 30199 8 Brent A The imperial cult and the development of church order concepts and images of authority in paganism and early Christianity before the Age of Cyprian illustrated Brill Publishers 1999 90 04 11420 3ISBN 90 04 11420 3 Cannadine D and Price S eds Rituals of Royalty Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies reprint illustrated Cambridge University Press 1992 0 521 42891 2ISBN 0 521 42891 2 Chow John K Patronage and power a study of social networks in Corinth Continuum International Publishing Group 1992 1 85075 370 9ISBN 1 85075 370 9 Collins Adela Yarbro Crisis and catharsis the power of the Apocalypse Westminster John Knox Press 1984 0 664 24521 8ISBN 0 664 24521 8 Elsner J Cult and Sculpture Sacrifice in the Ara Pacis Augustae in the Journal of Roman Studies 81 1991 50 60 Ferguson Everett Backgrounds of early Christianity 3rd edition Wm B Eerdmans Publishing 2003 0 8028 2221 5ISBN 0 8028 2221 5 Fishwick Duncan The Imperial Cult in the Latin West Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire volume 1 Brill Publishers 1991 90 04 07179 2ISBN 90 04 07179 2 Fishwick Duncan The Imperial Cult in the Latin West Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire volume 3 Brill Publishers 2002 90 04 12536 1ISBN 90 04 12536 1 Fishwick Duncan Numen Augustum Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik Bd 160 2007 pp 247 255 Dr Rudolf Habelt GmbH Bonn Germany Freisen S J Imperial cults and the Apocalypse of John reading Revelation in the ruins Oxford University Press 2001 978 0 19 513153 6ISBN 978 0 19 513153 6 Gradel Ittai Emperor Worship and Roman Religion Oxford Oxford University Press 2002 0 19 815275 2ISBN 0 19 815275 2 Haase W Temporini H eds Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt de Gruyter 1991 3 11 010389 3ISBN 3 11 010389 3 Harland P Honours and Worship Emperors Imperial Cults and Associations at Ephesus First to Third Centuries C E originally published in Studies in Religion Sciences religieuses 25 1996 Online in same pagination Harland P Imperial Cults within Local Cultural Life Associations in Roman Asia originally published in Ancient History Bulletin Zeitschrift fur Alte Geschichte 17 2003 Online in same pagination Howgego C Heuchert V Burnett A eds Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces Oxford University Press 2005 978 0 19 926526 8ISBN 978 0 19 926526 8 Lee A D Pagans and Christians in late antiquity a sourcebook illustrated Routledge 2000 0 415 13892 2ISBN 0 415 13892 2 Lott John B The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2004 0 521 82827 9ISBN 0 521 82827 9 MacCormack Sabine Change and Continuity in Late Antiquity the ceremony of Adventus Historia 21 4 1972 pp 721 52 Martin Dale B Inventing superstition from the Hippocratics to the Christians Harvard University Press 2004 0 674 01534 7ISBN 0 674 01534 7 Momigliano Arnaldo On Pagans Jews and Christians reprint Wesleyan University Press 1987 0 8195 6218 1ISBN 0 8195 6218 1 Niehoff Maren R Philo on Jewish identity and culture Mohr Siebeck English trans GW Coronet Books 2001 978 3 16 147611 2ISBN 978 3 16 147611 2 Nixon C E V and Rodgers Barbara S In Praise of Later Roman Emperors The Panegyric Latini University Presses of California Columbia and Princeton 1995 978 0 520 08326 4ISBN 978 0 520 08326 4 Potter David S The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180 395 Routledge 2004 978 0 415 10057 1ISBN 978 0 415 10057 1 Price S R F Rituals and power the Roman imperial cult in Asia Minor reprint illustrated Cambridge University Press 1986 0 521 31268 XISBN 0 521 31268 X Diocletian and the Tetrarchy Edinburgh UK Edinburgh University Press 2004 ISBN 9780748616602 Yazar ad1 eksik soyadi1 yardim Rehak Paul and Younger John Grimes Imperium and cosmos Augustus and the northern Campus Martius illustrated University of Wisconsin Press 2006 0 299 22010 9ISBN 0 299 22010 9 Rosenstein Nathan S Imperatores Victi Military Defeat and Aristocratic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic Berkeley University of California Press 1990 Ark CDlib org 7 Agustos 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Rupke Jorg Editor A Companion to Roman Religion Wiley Blackwell 2007 978 1 4051 2943 5 Severy Beth Augustus and the family at the birth of the Roman Empire Routledge 2003 0 415 30959 XISBN 0 415 30959 X Smallwood E Mary The Jews under Roman rule from Pompey to Diocletian a study in political relations illustrated Brill Publishers 2001 0 391 04155 XISBN 0 391 04155 X Taylor Lily Ross The Divinity of the Roman Emperor American Philological Association 1931 repr Arno Press 1975 Theuws Frans and Nelson Janet L Rituals of power from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages Brill Publishers 2000 90 04 10902 1ISBN 90 04 10902 1 Versnel H S Triumphus An Inquiry into the Origin Development and Meaning of the Roman Triumph Leiden 1970 Vout Caroline Power and eroticism in Imperial Rome illustrated Cambridge University Press 2007 0 521 86739 8ISBN 0 521 86739 8 Walbank Frank W Selected Papers Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography Cambridge University Press 1986 pp 120 137 978 0 521 30752 9ISBN 978 0 521 30752 9 Weinstock Stefan Divus Iulius Oxford Clarendon Press OUP 1971 Wiedemann Thomas Adults and Children in the Roman Empire Taylor amp Francis Ltd 1989 978 0 415 00336 0ISBN 978 0 415 00336 0 Williams S and Friell J G P Theodosius The Empire at Bay Taylor amp Francis Ltd 1994 978 0 7134 6691 1ISBN 978 0 7134 6691 1