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Osteokalsin, başka bir adla kemik gama-karboksiglutamik asit içeren protein (BGLAP), kemik ve dentinde bulunan ve ilk olarak civciv kemiğinde kalsiyum bağlayıcı protein olarak tanımlanan küçük (49-amino-asit) kollajenöz olmayan protein yapılı bir hormonudur.
| BGLAP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| BGLAP, BGP, OC, OCN, Osteokalsin, kemik gama-karboksiglutamat proteini, kemik gama-karboksiglutamik asit içeren protein | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dış kimlikler | OMIM: 112260 88155 104130 BGLAP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Yerleşim (UCSC) | Krom. 1: 156.24 – 156.24 Mb | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Osteokalsin gla etki alanlarına sahip olduğundan, osteokalsinin üretimi K vitaminine bağımlıdır. İnsanlarda osteokalsin, BGLAP geni tarafından kodlanır. Osteokalsin reseptörleri arasında GPRC6A, GPR158 ve olasılıkla üçüncü, henüz tanımlanmamış bir reseptör bulunmaktadır.
İşlev
Osteokalsin yalnızca osteoblastlar tarafından salgılanır ve vücudun metabolizmasının düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığı düşünülür. Karboksillenmiş formunda kalsiyumu doğrudan bağlar ve böylece kemikte birikir, ancak genetik kanıtlar kemiğin minerallenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamadığını ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Karboksillenmemiş formunda osteokalsin; pankreas, yağ, kas, testis ve beyinde sinyal vererek vücutta bir hormon davranışı sergiler.
- Pankreasta osteokalsin beta hücrelerine etki ederek pankreastaki beta hücrelerinin daha çok insülin salgılamasına neden olur.
- Yağ hücrelerinde osteokalsin, insüline duyarlılığı artıran adiponektin hormonunun salgılanmasını tetikler.
- Kasta osteokalsin, enerji varlığını ve kullanımını kolaylaştırmak için miyositler üzerinde etki gösterir ve bu yolla egzersiz kapasitesine katkıda bulunur.
- Testislerde osteokalsin, Leydig hücrelerine etki ederek testosteron biyoüretimini uyarır ve bu nedenle erkeğin cinsel üretkenliğini etkiler.
- Beyinde osteokalsin, gelişim ve işleyişte önemli bir rol oynar.
Akut Stres Tepkisi (AST) (gündelik dilde savaş ya da kaç tepkisi olarak da bilinir); farelerde, sıçanlarda ve insanlarda birkaç dakika içinde kemikten osteokalsin salınımını uyarır. Yalnızca yüksek düzeylerde osteokalsin enjeksiyonları, adrenal yetmezlik varlığında bir AST'yi tetikleyebilir.
Kemik oluşumu için biyokimyasal bir belirteç olarak kullanımı
Osteokalsin, osteoblastlar tarafından üretildiğinden genellikle kemik oluşum sürecinin bir belirteci olarak kullanılır. Yüksek serum osteokalsin düzeylerinin, teriparatid gibi osteoporoz için anabolik kemik oluşturma ilaçları ile tedavi sırasında kemik mineral yoğunluğundaki artışlarla göreceli olarak iyi ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Birçok çalışmada osteokalsin belirli bir ilacın kemik oluşumu üzerindeki etkinliği konusunda bir ön biyobelirteç olarak kullanılır. Örneğin, laktoferrin adı verilen bir glikoproteinin kemik oluşumu üzerindeki etkinliğini araştırmayı amaçlayan bir çalışmada, osteoblast etkinliğinin bir ölçüsü olarak osteokalsin kullanılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000242252 - , May 2017
- ^ "İnsan PubMed Başvurusu:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Fare PubMed Başvurusu:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Hauschka (1982). "Primary structure of monkey osteocalcin". Biochemistry. 21 (4). ss. 638-42.
- ^ "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone". Developmental Biology. 65 (2). Ağustos 1978. ss. 426-34.
- ^ "Chromosomal localization of the human osteocalcin gene". Endocrinology. 124 (5). Mayıs 1989. ss. 2648-50.
- ^ "Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (25). Eylül 1990. ss. 15040-8.
- ^ "GPRC6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in β-cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26 (7). Temmuz 2011. ss. 1680-3.
- ^ "Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton". Cell Metabolism. 30 (5). Eylül 2019. ss. 890-902.e8.
- ^ a b "Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton". Cell. 130 (3). Ağustos 2007. ss. 456-69.
- ^ "Bone and Muscle Endocrine Functions: Unexpected Paradigms of Inter-organ Communication". Cell. 164 (6). Mart 2016. ss. 1248-1256.
- ^ "Osteocalcin Signaling in Myofibers Is Necessary and Sufficient for Optimum Adaptation to Exercise". Cell Metabolism. 23 (6). Haziran 2016. ss. 1078-1092.
- ^ "Regulation of male fertility by the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 382 (1). Ocak 2014. ss. 521-526.
- ^ "Osteocalcin in the brain: from embryonic development to age-related decline in cognition". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 14 (3). Mart 2018. ss. 174-182.
- ^ "Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton". Cell Metabolism. 30 (5). 2019. ss. 890-902.e8.
- ^ "Milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin induces positive effects on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women". Osteoporosis International. 20 (9). Eylül 2009. ss. 1603-11.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
- Kamdem LK, Hamilton L, Cheng C, Liu W, Yang W, Johnson JA, Pui CH, Relling MV (Haziran 2008). "Genetic predictors of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Pharmacogenetics and Genomics. 18 (6). ss. 507-14. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282fc5801. (PMID) 18496130.
- Lin GT, Tseng HF, Chang CK, Chuang LY, Liu CS, Yang CH, Tu CJ, Wang EC, Tan HF, Chang CC, Wen CH, Chen HC, Chang HW (Şubat 2008). "SNP combinations in chromosome-wide genes are associated with bone mineral density in Taiwanese women". The Chinese Journal of Physiology. 51 (1). ss. 32-41. (PMID) 18551993.
- Lumachi F, Camozzi V, Tombolan V, Luisetto G (Eylül 2009). "Bone mineral density, osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Cilt 1173 Suppl 1. ss. E64-7. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04955.x. (PMID) 19751417.
- Kanazawa I, Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto M, Yamauchi M, Yano S, Sugimoto T (Eylül 2009). "Serum osteocalcin/bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ratio is a predictor for the presence of vertebral fractures in men with type 2 diabetes". Calcified Tissue International. 85 (3). ss. 228-34. doi:10.1007/s00223-009-9272-4. (PMID) 19641839.
- Makita N, Suzuki M, Asami S, Takahata R, Kohzaki D, Kobayashi S, Hakamazuka T, Hozumi N (Nisan 2008). "Two of four alternatively spliced isoforms of RUNX2 control osteocalcin gene expression in human osteoblast cells". Gene. 413 (1-2). ss. 8-17. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.12.025. (PMID) 18321663.
- Desbois C, Karsenty G (Mart 1995). "Osteocalcin cluster: implications for functional studies". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 57 (3). ss. 379-83. doi:10.1002/jcb.240570302. (PMID) 7768973.
- Salem AM, Zohny SF, Abd El-Wahab MM, Hamdy R (Kasım 2007). "Predictive value of osteocalcin and beta-CrossLaps in metastatic breast cancer". Clinical Biochemistry. 40 (16-17). ss. 1201-8. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.07.006. (PMID) 17889845.
- Im JA, Yu BP, Jeon JY, Kim SH (Ekim 2008). "Relationship between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women". Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 396 (1-2). ss. 66-9. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.001. (PMID) 18657532.
- Ba Y, Huang H, Yang Y, Cui L, Zhu J, Zhu C, Liu J, Zhang Y (Kasım 2009). "The association between osteocalcin gene polymorphism and dental fluorosis among children exposed to fluoride in People's Republic of China". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 72 (8). ss. 2158-61. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.08.014. (PMID) 19767102.
- Hwang YC, Jeong IK, Ahn KJ, Chung HY (Kasım 2009). "The uncarboxylated form of osteocalcin is associated with improved glucose tolerance and enhanced beta-cell function in middle-aged male subjects". Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 25 (8). ss. 768-72. doi:10.1002/dmrr.1045. (PMID) 19877133.
- Yerges LM, Klei L, Cauley JA, Roeder K, Kammerer CM, Moffett SP, Ensrud KE, Nestlerode CS, Marshall LM, Hoffman AR, Lewis C, Lang TF, Barrett-Connor E, Ferrell RE, Orwoll ES, Zmuda JM (Aralık 2009). "High-density association study of 383 candidate genes for volumetric BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine among older men". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 24 (12). ss. 2039-49. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090524. (PMC) 2791518 $2. (PMID) 19453261.
- Yu S, Jiang Y, Galson DL, Luo M, Lai Y, Lu Y, Ouyang HJ, Zhang J, Xiao G (Şubat 2008). "General transcription factor IIA-gamma increases osteoblast-specific osteocalcin gene expression via activating transcription factor 4 and runt-related transcription factor 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (9). ss. 5542-53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M705653200. (PMC) 2736298 $2. (PMID) 18171674.
- Kayed H, Bekasi S, Keleg S, Michalski CW, Giese T, Friess H, Kleeff J (Aralık 2007). "BGLAP is expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and increases their growth and invasion". Molecular Cancer. Cilt 6. s. 83. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-6-83. (PMC) 2245975 $2. (PMID) 18163903.
- French D, Hamilton LH, Mattano LA, Sather HN, Devidas M, Nachman JB, Relling MV (Mayıs 2008). "A PAI-1 (SERPINE1) polymorphism predicts osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group". Blood. 111 (9). ss. 4496-9. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-11-123885. (PMC) 2343589 $2. (PMID) 18285546.
- Pittas AG, Harris SS, Eliades M, Stark P, Dawson-Hughes B (Mart 2009). "Association between serum osteocalcin and markers of metabolic phenotype". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 94 (3). ss. 827-32. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1422. (PMC) 2681283 $2. (PMID) 19088165.
- Kindblom JM, Ohlsson C, Ljunggren O, Karlsson MK, Tivesten A, Smith U, Mellström D (Mayıs 2009). "Plasma osteocalcin is inversely related to fat mass and plasma glucose in elderly Swedish men". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 24 (5). ss. 785-91. doi:10.1359/jbmr.081234. (PMID) 19063687.
- Wahlgren CM, Zheng W, Shaalan W, Tang J, Bassiouny HS (2009). "Human carotid plaque calcification and vulnerability. Relationship between degree of plaque calcification, fibrous cap inflammatory gene expression and symptomatology". Cerebrovascular Diseases. 27 (2). ss. 193-200. doi:10.1159/000189204. (PMID) 19136823.
- Lumachi F, Ermani M, Camozzi V, Tombolan V, Luisetto G (Eylül 2009). "Changes of bone formation markers osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Cilt 1173 Suppl 1. ss. E60-3. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04953.x. (PMID) 19751416.
- Born AK, Rottmar M, Lischer S, Pleskova M, Bruinink A, Maniura-Weber K (Ekim 2009). "Correlating cell architecture with osteogenesis: first steps towards live single cell monitoring". European Cells & Materials. Cilt 18. ss. 49-60, 61-2; discussion 60. (PMID) 19856264.
- Fujisawa R (Mart 2002). "[Recent advances in research on bone matrix proteins]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine. Cilt 60 Suppl 3. ss. 72-8. (PMID) 11979972.
Dış bağlantılar
- Medical Subject Headings Osteocalcin
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q8HYY9 (Pig Osteocalcin) at the PDBe-KB.
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Osteokalsin baska bir adla kemik gama karboksiglutamik asit iceren protein BGLAP kemik ve dentinde bulunan ve ilk olarak civciv kemiginde kalsiyum baglayici protein olarak tanimlanan kucuk 49 amino asit kollajenoz olmayan protein yapili bir hormonudur BGLAPTanimlayicilarBGLAP BGP OC OCN Osteokalsin kemik gama karboksiglutamat proteini kemik gama karboksiglutamik asit iceren proteinDis kimliklerOMIM 112260 88155 104130 BGLAPGen yerlesimi Insan Krom 1 Kromozom insan Bant1q22Baslangic156 242 184 bcBitis156 243 317 bcGen ontolojisiMolekuler islevi calcium ion binding structural molecule activity metal ion binding hydroxyapatite binding structural constituent of boneHucresel bileseni sitoplazma soma rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi aygiti cell projection endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular region Dendrit Golgi lumen extracellular space VezikulBiyolojik sureci skeletal system development bone mineralization response to vitamin D GO 1904578 response to organic cyclic compound ossification response to testosterone regulation of bone mineralization biomineral tissue development cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to mechanical stimulus GO 0010260 hucre yaslanmasi response to zinc ion response to glucocorticoid cellular response to vitamin D response to activity response to estrogen odontogenesis endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle mediated transport response to gravity response to vitamin K response to hydroxyisoflavone cell adhesion response to nutrient levels regulation of osteoclast differentiation osteoblast differentiation response to inorganic substance osteoblast development response to ethanol regulation of bone resorption bone development regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulusKaynaklar Amigo QuickGOTurlerInsanFare63212095ENSG00000242252ENSMUSG00000074489P02818P54615RefSeq mRNA NM 199173NM 031368 NM 001305448 NM 001305449 NM 001305450RefSeq protein NP 954642NP 001292377 NP 001292378 NP 001292379 NP 112736Yerlesim UCSC Krom 1 156 24 156 24 Mbn aPubMed aramasiVikiveriInsan i Gor DuzenleFare yi Gor Duzenle Osteokalsin gla etki alanlarina sahip oldugundan osteokalsinin uretimi K vitaminine bagimlidir Insanlarda osteokalsin BGLAP geni tarafindan kodlanir Osteokalsin reseptorleri arasinda GPRC6A GPR158 ve olasilikla ucuncu henuz tanimlanmamis bir reseptor bulunmaktadir IslevOsteokalsin yalnizca osteoblastlar tarafindan salgilanir ve vucudun metabolizmasinin duzenlenmesinde rol oynadigi dusunulur Karboksillenmis formunda kalsiyumu dogrudan baglar ve boylece kemikte birikir ancak genetik kanitlar kemigin minerallenmesinde onemli bir rol oynamadigini ortaya cikarmistir Karboksillenmemis formunda osteokalsin pankreas yag kas testis ve beyinde sinyal vererek vucutta bir hormon davranisi sergiler Pankreasta osteokalsin beta hucrelerine etki ederek pankreastaki beta hucrelerinin daha cok insulin salgilamasina neden olur Yag hucrelerinde osteokalsin insuline duyarliligi artiran adiponektin hormonunun salgilanmasini tetikler Kasta osteokalsin enerji varligini ve kullanimini kolaylastirmak icin miyositler uzerinde etki gosterir ve bu yolla egzersiz kapasitesine katkida bulunur Testislerde osteokalsin Leydig hucrelerine etki ederek testosteron biyouretimini uyarir ve bu nedenle erkegin cinsel uretkenligini etkiler Beyinde osteokalsin gelisim ve isleyiste onemli bir rol oynar Akut Stres Tepkisi AST gundelik dilde savas ya da kac tepkisi olarak da bilinir farelerde sicanlarda ve insanlarda birkac dakika icinde kemikten osteokalsin salinimini uyarir Yalnizca yuksek duzeylerde osteokalsin enjeksiyonlari adrenal yetmezlik varliginda bir AST yi tetikleyebilir Kemik olusumu icin biyokimyasal bir belirtec olarak kullanimiOsteokalsin osteoblastlar tarafindan uretildiginden genellikle kemik olusum surecinin bir belirteci olarak kullanilir Yuksek serum osteokalsin duzeylerinin teriparatid gibi osteoporoz icin anabolik kemik olusturma ilaclari ile tedavi sirasinda kemik mineral yogunlugundaki artislarla goreceli olarak iyi iliskili oldugu gozlenmistir Bircok calismada osteokalsin belirli bir ilacin kemik olusumu uzerindeki etkinligi konusunda bir on biyobelirtec olarak kullanilir Ornegin laktoferrin adi verilen bir glikoproteinin kemik olusumu uzerindeki etkinligini arastirmayi amaclayan bir calismada osteoblast etkinliginin bir olcusu olarak osteokalsin kullanilmistir Kaynakca a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000242252 May 2017 Insan PubMed Basvurusu National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Arsivlenmesi gereken baglantiya sahip kaynak sablonu iceren maddeler link Fare PubMed Basvurusu National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Arsivlenmesi gereken baglantiya sahip kaynak sablonu iceren maddeler link Hauschka 1982 Primary structure of monkey osteocalcin Biochemistry 21 4 ss 638 42 Timed appearance of a calcium binding protein containing gamma carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone Developmental Biology 65 2 Agustos 1978 ss 426 34 Chromosomal localization of the human osteocalcin gene Endocrinology 124 5 Mayis 1989 ss 2648 50 Molecular structure chromosome assignment and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 25 Eylul 1990 ss 15040 8 GPRC6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in b cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26 7 Temmuz 2011 ss 1680 3 Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton Cell Metabolism 30 5 Eylul 2019 ss 890 902 e8 a b Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton Cell 130 3 Agustos 2007 ss 456 69 Bone and Muscle Endocrine Functions Unexpected Paradigms of Inter organ Communication Cell 164 6 Mart 2016 ss 1248 1256 Osteocalcin Signaling in Myofibers Is Necessary and Sufficient for Optimum Adaptation to Exercise Cell Metabolism 23 6 Haziran 2016 ss 1078 1092 Regulation of male fertility by the bone derived hormone osteocalcin Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 382 1 Ocak 2014 ss 521 526 Osteocalcin in the brain from embryonic development to age related decline in cognition Nature Reviews Endocrinology 14 3 Mart 2018 ss 174 182 Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton Cell Metabolism 30 5 2019 ss 890 902 e8 Milk ribonuclease enriched lactoferrin induces positive effects on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women Osteoporosis International 20 9 Eylul 2009 ss 1603 11 Konuyla ilgili yayinlarKamdem LK Hamilton L Cheng C Liu W Yang W Johnson JA Pui CH Relling MV Haziran 2008 Genetic predictors of glucocorticoid induced hypertension in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 18 6 ss 507 14 doi 10 1097 FPC 0b013e3282fc5801 PMID 18496130 Lin GT Tseng HF Chang CK Chuang LY Liu CS Yang CH Tu CJ Wang EC Tan HF Chang CC Wen CH Chen HC Chang HW Subat 2008 SNP combinations in chromosome wide genes are associated with bone mineral density in Taiwanese women The Chinese Journal of Physiology 51 1 ss 32 41 PMID 18551993 Lumachi F Camozzi V Tombolan V Luisetto G Eylul 2009 Bone mineral density osteocalcin and bone specific alkaline phosphatase in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Cilt 1173 Suppl 1 ss E64 7 doi 10 1111 j 1749 6632 2009 04955 x PMID 19751417 Kanazawa I Yamaguchi T Yamamoto M Yamauchi M Yano S Sugimoto T Eylul 2009 Serum osteocalcin bone specific alkaline phosphatase ratio is a predictor for the presence of vertebral fractures in men with type 2 diabetes Calcified Tissue International 85 3 ss 228 34 doi 10 1007 s00223 009 9272 4 PMID 19641839 Makita N Suzuki M Asami S Takahata R Kohzaki D Kobayashi S Hakamazuka T Hozumi N Nisan 2008 Two of four alternatively spliced isoforms of RUNX2 control osteocalcin gene expression in human osteoblast cells Gene 413 1 2 ss 8 17 doi 10 1016 j gene 2007 12 025 PMID 18321663 Desbois C Karsenty G Mart 1995 Osteocalcin cluster implications for functional studies Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 57 3 ss 379 83 doi 10 1002 jcb 240570302 PMID 7768973 Salem AM Zohny SF Abd El Wahab MM Hamdy R Kasim 2007 Predictive value of osteocalcin and beta CrossLaps in metastatic breast cancer Clinical Biochemistry 40 16 17 ss 1201 8 doi 10 1016 j clinbiochem 2007 07 006 PMID 17889845 Im JA Yu BP Jeon JY Kim SH Ekim 2008 Relationship between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women Clinica Chimica Acta International Journal of Clinical Chemistry 396 1 2 ss 66 9 doi 10 1016 j cca 2008 07 001 PMID 18657532 Ba Y Huang H Yang Y Cui L Zhu J Zhu C Liu J Zhang Y Kasim 2009 The association between osteocalcin gene polymorphism and dental fluorosis among children exposed to fluoride in People s Republic of China Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72 8 ss 2158 61 doi 10 1016 j ecoenv 2009 08 014 PMID 19767102 Hwang YC Jeong IK Ahn KJ Chung HY Kasim 2009 The uncarboxylated form of osteocalcin is associated with improved glucose tolerance and enhanced beta cell function in middle aged male subjects Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews 25 8 ss 768 72 doi 10 1002 dmrr 1045 PMID 19877133 Yerges LM Klei L Cauley JA Roeder K Kammerer CM Moffett SP Ensrud KE Nestlerode CS Marshall LM Hoffman AR Lewis C Lang TF Barrett Connor E Ferrell RE Orwoll ES Zmuda JM Aralik 2009 High density association study of 383 candidate genes for volumetric BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine among older men Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 24 12 ss 2039 49 doi 10 1359 jbmr 090524 PMC 2791518 2 PMID 19453261 Yu S Jiang Y Galson DL Luo M Lai Y Lu Y Ouyang HJ Zhang J Xiao G Subat 2008 General transcription factor IIA gamma increases osteoblast specific osteocalcin gene expression via activating transcription factor 4 and runt related transcription factor 2 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 9 ss 5542 53 doi 10 1074 jbc M705653200 PMC 2736298 2 PMID 18171674 Kayed H Bekasi S Keleg S Michalski CW Giese T Friess H Kleeff J Aralik 2007 BGLAP is expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and increases their growth and invasion Molecular Cancer Cilt 6 s 83 doi 10 1186 1476 4598 6 83 PMC 2245975 2 PMID 18163903 French D Hamilton LH Mattano LA Sather HN Devidas M Nachman JB Relling MV Mayis 2008 A PAI 1 SERPINE1 polymorphism predicts osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia a report from the Children s Oncology Group Blood 111 9 ss 4496 9 doi 10 1182 blood 2007 11 123885 PMC 2343589 2 PMID 18285546 Pittas AG Harris SS Eliades M Stark P Dawson Hughes B Mart 2009 Association between serum osteocalcin and markers of metabolic phenotype The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 3 ss 827 32 doi 10 1210 jc 2008 1422 PMC 2681283 2 PMID 19088165 Kindblom JM Ohlsson C Ljunggren O Karlsson MK Tivesten A Smith U Mellstrom D Mayis 2009 Plasma osteocalcin is inversely related to fat mass and plasma glucose in elderly Swedish men Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 24 5 ss 785 91 doi 10 1359 jbmr 081234 PMID 19063687 Wahlgren CM Zheng W Shaalan W Tang J Bassiouny HS 2009 Human carotid plaque calcification and vulnerability Relationship between degree of plaque calcification fibrous cap inflammatory gene expression and symptomatology Cerebrovascular Diseases 27 2 ss 193 200 doi 10 1159 000189204 PMID 19136823 Lumachi F Ermani M Camozzi V Tombolan V Luisetto G Eylul 2009 Changes of bone formation markers osteocalcin and bone specific alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Cilt 1173 Suppl 1 ss E60 3 doi 10 1111 j 1749 6632 2009 04953 x PMID 19751416 Born AK Rottmar M Lischer S Pleskova M Bruinink A Maniura Weber K Ekim 2009 Correlating cell architecture with osteogenesis first steps towards live single cell monitoring European Cells amp Materials Cilt 18 ss 49 60 61 2 discussion 60 PMID 19856264 Fujisawa R Mart 2002 Recent advances in research on bone matrix proteins Nihon Rinsho Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine Cilt 60 Suppl 3 ss 72 8 PMID 11979972 Dis baglantilarMedical Subject Headings Osteocalcin Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt Q8HYY9 Pig Osteocalcin at the PDBe KB