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Aşağıda, jeologlar tarafından tanımlanmış kayaç türlerinin bir listesi bulunmaktadır. Kararlaştırılan sayıda belli kayaç türleri yoktur. Kimyasal bileşim, mineraloji, tane boyutu, doku veya diğer ayırt edici özelliklerin herhangi bir benzersiz kombinasyonu, yeni bir kayaç türüne işaret edebilir. Ek olarak, her ana kayaç türü için farklı sınıflandırma sistemleri bulunur.Magmatik kayaç, metamorfik kayaç ve tortul kayaç olmak üzere üç ana kayaç türü vardır.
Magmatik kayaçlar
- Andezit
- Bazalt
- (ʻAʻā) – Basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance
- Pāhoehoe – Basaltic lava with a flowing, often ropy appearance
-
- Boninit
- Karbonatit
-
- , dolerit olarak da bilinir
- Diyorit
- , korsit olarak da bilinir
- Gabro
- Granit
- Granodiyorit
- İgnimbirit
- Kimberlit
- – An ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass
- – A silica-undersaturated form of andesite
- – An ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite
- – A silica-undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
- – a plutonic rock with <5% normative quartz
- – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock of nepheline and alkali feldspar
- – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline
- – A hypersthene-bearing gabbro
- Obsidyen
- Pegmatit
- – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially similar to nepheline syenite
- – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite
- – An olivine-bearing basalt
- Porfiri
- Ponza taşı
- - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of >90% pyroxene
- – A diorite with >5% modal quartz
- – An intermediate plutonic rock, essentially a monzonite with 5–10% modal quartz
- – An intrusive rock composed mostly of quartz
- – A felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite
- Riyolit
- Skorya
- – a plutonic rock
- – A coarse-grained carbonatite rock
- Siyenit – A plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar; a type of granitoid
- – Essentially a basaltic glass
- – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonotephrite and phonolite
- – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock
- Tonalit – A plagioclase-dominant granitoid
- – An alkaline intermediate volcanic rock
- - sodic trachyandesite
- – A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte
- – a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island (hot spot) volcanism
- Trakit – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
- – A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase
- – A form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase
- Tüf
- – A type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene
- - An ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene
Tortul kayaçlar
- Bantlı demir formasyonu
- Breş
- Çört
- Kömür
- Konglomera
- Dolomit
- Evaporit
- Çakmak taşı
- Laterit
- Linyit
- Kireç taşı
- Marn
- Çamurtaşı
- Petrollü şeyl
- Ovolit
- – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals
- Kumtaşı
- Şeyl
- Silttaşı
- Traverten
Metamorfik kayaçlar
- Antrasit
- Amfibolit
- – A rock formed by faulting
- Gnays
- Yeşil şist – A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles
-
- – A type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands
- – Nepheline syenite gneiss
- Mermer – a metamorphosed limestone
- Migmatit
- Milonit – A metamorphic rock formed by shearing
- Pelit (jeoloji) – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock
- Metapsammite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock
- Fillit – A low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals
- – A glass formed by melting within a fault via friction
- Kuvarsit – A metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of >95% quartz
- Şist
- Skarn
- Kayrak - A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts
- – A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact
- – A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
- Sabuntaşı – Essentially a talc schist
- – A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation
- – A high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite
Özel kayaç çeşitleri
- – A variety of quartz monzonite
- – A group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
- Afanit
- – A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
- Çakmak taşı
- – A hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
- - A variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
- Lapis lazuli - A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals
- – A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
- – A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas
- Minette – A variety of lamprophyre
- – A type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas
- – A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth's upper mantle
- – A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
- – A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids
- – melitilic and kalsititic rocks
- – A silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro
- – A nepheline gabbro
- – An altered granite
- – A variety of lamprophyre
- – A rock rich in manganese oxide or manganese hydroxide
Ayrıca bakınız
Kaynakça
- ^ . British Geological Survey (BGS). 28 Nisan 2001 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2019.
Dış bağlantılar
- British Geological Survey 21 Eylül 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Igneous rock classification29 Ağustos 2005 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Rock Types Article by Encyclopaedia Britannica 29 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Classification of common rocks and soils 9 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
- Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit 29 Ağustos 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde .
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Asagida jeologlar tarafindan tanimlanmis kayac turlerinin bir listesi bulunmaktadir Kararlastirilan sayida belli kayac turleri yoktur Kimyasal bilesim mineraloji tane boyutu doku veya diger ayirt edici ozelliklerin herhangi bir benzersiz kombinasyonu yeni bir kayac turune isaret edebilir Ek olarak her ana kayac turu icin farkli siniflandirma sistemleri bulunur Magmatik kayac metamorfik kayac ve tortul kayac olmak uzere uc ana kayac turu vardir Magmatik kayaclarZeolit ile doldurulmus vezikullere sahip bir andezit koyu renkli yer ornegi Gorus capi 8 cm dir Andezit Bazalt ʻAʻa Basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance Pahoehoe Basaltic lava with a flowing often ropy appearance Boninit Karbonatit dolerit olarak da bilinir Diyorit korsit olarak da bilinir Gabro Granit Granodiyorit Ignimbirit Kimberlit An ultramafic ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass A silica undersaturated form of andesite An ultramafic rock essentially a peridotite A silica undersaturated granite with lt 5 normative quartz a plutonic rock with lt 5 normative quartz A silica undersaturated plutonic rock of nepheline and alkali feldspar A silica undersaturated plutonic rock with gt 90 nepheline A hypersthene bearing gabbro Obsidyen Pegmatit A silica undersaturated volcanic rock essentially similar to nepheline syenite A volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite An olivine bearing basalt Porfiri Ponza tasi a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of gt 90 pyroxene A diorite with gt 5 modal quartz An intermediate plutonic rock essentially a monzonite with 5 10 modal quartz An intrusive rock composed mostly of quartz A felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite Riyolit Skorya a plutonic rock A coarse grained carbonatite rock Siyenit A plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar a type of granitoid Essentially a basaltic glass A volcanic rock with a composition between phonotephrite and phonolite A silica undersaturated volcanic rock Tonalit A plagioclase dominant granitoid An alkaline intermediate volcanic rock sodic trachyandesite A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte a sodic type of trachybasalt typically formed by ocean island hot spot volcanism Trakit A silica undersaturated volcanic rock essentially a feldspathoid bearing rhyolite A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine pyroxene and plagioclase A form of tonalite where plagioclase group feldspar is oligoclase Tuf A type of pyroxenite composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene An ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock a type of peridotite composed of olivine and clinopyroxeneTortul kayaclarBati Virginia daki bir bitumlu komur damariKirec tasiyla kaplanmis kirecli seyl Cumberland Platosu TennesseeFas Toussite te bulunan dolomit kristalleriTurbidit Gorgoglione Flisi Miyosen Guney ItalyaBantli demir formasyonu Bres Cort Komur Konglomera Dolomit Evaporit Cakmak tasi Laterit Linyit Kirec tasi Marn Camurtasi Petrollu seyl Ovolit A non detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals Kumtasi Seyl Silttasi TravertenMetamorfik kayaclarFillitGranit ortognays daykina sahip bir bantli gnaysMermerKuvarsitAntrasit Amfibolit A rock formed by faulting Gnays Yesil sist A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles A type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands Nepheline syenite gneiss Mermer a metamorphosed limestone Migmatit Milonit A metamorphic rock formed by shearing Pelit jeoloji A metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay rich siltstone sedimentary rock Metapsammite A metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz rich sandstone sedimentary rock Fillit A low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals A glass formed by melting within a fault via friction Kuvarsit A metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of gt 95 quartz Sist Skarn Kayrak A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent similar to a serpentinite Sabuntasi Essentially a talc schist A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation A high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyaniteNew York un guneydogusundan Manhattan SistiKayrakOzel kayac cesitleri A variety of quartz monzonite A group of varieties of lamprophyre mostly rich in hornblende Afanit A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan Scotland Cakmak tasi A hematite silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn A variety of phonolite first found on Mount Kenya Lapis lazuli A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield Maine A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas Minette A variety of lamprophyre A type of chert found in Oklahoma Arkansas and Texas A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth s upper mantle A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids melitilic and kalsititic rocks A silica undersaturated analcime bearing gabbro A nepheline gabbro An altered granite A variety of lamprophyre A rock rich in manganese oxide or manganese hydroxideAyrica bakinizMars taki kayalar listesi Kayac dongusuKaynakca British Geological Survey BGS 28 Nisan 2001 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi Erisim tarihi 28 Mayis 2019 Dis baglantilarBritish Geological Survey 21 Eylul 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Igneous rock classification29 Agustos 2005 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Rock Types Article by Encyclopaedia Britannica 29 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Classification of common rocks and soils 9 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit 29 Agustos 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde